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CHAPTER 4 Sentence Patterns 1 and 2
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CHAPTER 4 Sentence Patterns 1 and 2 Exercise 8 1. State the meaning of an arrow in a formula. 2. Write two formulas for a sentence. 3. Write the formula for Pattern 1 sentences. 4. State the meaning of the parentheses around the final constituent in the formula. 5. Use slash bars to divide each sentence into its constituents and label each constituent. a. The police have been searching all day. b. The ghost vanished in the darkness. c. The Maine sank in 1898. d. A lot of crabgrass grows in their yard. e. That singer entertains in Las Vegas. f. Several of the ambassadors will meet tomorrow. 6. Use slash bars to divide each sentence into its constituents and label each constituent. a. We sat down in the cafeteria. b. The noise kept up throughout the night. c. That dog rolls over on command. d. Marsha passed out at the doctor's office. e. The students caught on qUickly. f. My aunt dropped in after the show. 31 32 7. Identify the semantic relationships of the underlined nouns and verbs and adverbials. a. The baby crawled under the bed. b. The ice melted slowly. c. The engine stalled. d. Jim learns slowly. e. The rabbits hopped through the garden. f. Tanya daydreams in school. g. That boy studied all night. h. The car is deteriorating. i. Dad laughed about the situation. j. This baby can hear. k. The dog rolled over. I. The girls remained in the gym for an hour. [184.72.135.210] Project MUSE (2024-03-28 14:00 GMT) 33 Exercise 9 1. Write the formula for a Pattern 2 sentence. 2. Use slashes to divide each sentence into its constituents and label the constituents as NPl, Np2, (Adv). a. The mechanic fixed the car. b. That elephant ate the peanuts from my hand. c. Aunt Betty praised the children's efforts yesterday. d. The officials will hang the murderer at noon. e. The children feared the dark. 3. State the term used for Np2 in traditional grammar. 4. Specify the feature(s) that nouns must have to be used as indirect objects. 5. List two prepositions that introduce phrases containing indirect objects. 6. Underline and identify the NPs in the sentence that are subjects (S), direct objects (DO), or indirect objects (10). a. Barry tossed the ball to his friend. b. Jill cleaned up the house for her mother. c. That police officer handed a ticket to my father. d. The lecturer showed a foreign film to the group. e. Uncle Bill bought skates for the children. f. Ed baked a cake for the party. g. Charlene received an award for bravery. 7. Analyze the pattern of each sentence by marking off and labeling the constituents as NPl, V, Vi, Np2, Adv. a. The president fired his advisor yesterday. b. Joe fell on the playground at recess. c. That jockey has ridden in many races. 34 d. The scientists proved the equation easily. e. The girls are joining a club this fall. 8. Mark off and label the constituents in the following VPs. a. point out your mistakes b. stand near the bed c. put off the party d. taxi onto the runway e. take over the government f. rise above the clouds g. hang up your pants h. run down the hall 9. Identify the semantic relationships in each of the following Pattern 2 sentences. a. Helen gave the flowers to her mother. b. The baby saw the cat. c. Mother played canasta last night. d. John grew a beard this semester. e. Mr. Marker designed the house. f. Kirsten wants a corsage for Sunday. [184.72.135.210] Project MUSE (2024-03-28 14:00 GMT) g. Susie pulled the cat's tail. h. The rock shattered their windshield. i. Jim's band plays jazz. j. Frank pushed AI off the porch. k. Insects have antennae. Exercise 8: Answers 1. An -+ means may be written as or consists of. 2. a. S -+ NP + VP b. S -+ Subject + Predicate 3. NP + Vi + (Adv) 4. that sentence constituent is optional in the pattern NP Vi Adv 6. a. We / sat down / in the cafeteria. NP Vi Adv b. The noise / kept up / throughout the night. NP Vi Adv c. That dog / rolls over / on command. NP Vi Adv d. Marsha / passed out / at the doctor's office. NP Vi Adv e. The students / caught on / qUickly. NP Vi Adv f. My aunt / dropped in...