Analyzing Syntax & Semantics Workbook

CHAPfER 22 Language Analysis IV Exercise

264 CHAPfER 22 Language Analysis IV Exercise Complete both syntactic and semantic descriptions and summaries of the following sample. Syntactic Description 1. Dad made Mother drive Tom to the dance because he says Tom's too young to drive at night. Sentence Pattern: Conjoinings: Elaborations: Transformations: 2. Did the boys like the idea the girls had that the class should surprise Mary by giving her a gift before she moves to Chicago? Sentence Pattern: Modalities: Conjoinings: Elaborations: Transformations: 265 3. The teacher of a class in the third grade was hit by a car this morning when she was driving to school, and now she's in the hospital. Sentence Patterns: Conjoinings: Elaborations: Transformations: 4. Our principal said running in the halls and not being polite were bad habits that the kids in the class have to change. Sentence Pattern: Modalities: Conjoinings: Elaborations: Transformations: 5. Mary knows where the store is, but she's afraid to walk there by herself because it's so dark now. Sentence Patterns: Conjoinings: 266 Elaborations: Transformations: Syntactic Summary Sentence patterns intransitive verb transitive verb linking verb Modalities negation yes-no question Conjoinings coordination s'ubordination Elaborations possessive det or noun adjective modifier relative clause prep phrase modifier infinitive compI!nominal participle compl/nominal that clause complement embedded question factive clause nominalized verb + of phrase Transformations pronominalization adverbial preposing intensifier indirect object preposing auxiliary or copula inversion do-support contraction passive deletion it-replacement Frequency of Occurrence Comments 267 Semantic Description 1. Dad made Mother drive Tom to the dance because he says Tom's too young to drive at night. a. b. c. d. _ e. 2. Did the boys like the idea the girls had that the class should surprise Mary by giving her a gift before she moves to Chicago? a. b. c. d. e. 268 3. The teacher of a class in the third grade was hit by a car this morning when she was driving to school, and now she's in the hospital. a. b. c. d. _ e. 4. Our principal said running in the halls and not being polite were bad habits that the kids in the class have to change. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 269 h. _ 5. Mary knows where the store is, but she's afraid to walk there by herself because it's so dark now. a. b. c. d. e. Semantic Summary Number of utterances: Number of propositions: Propositions per utterance: Noun cases Mover Agent Patient Experiencer Complement Beneficiary (Recipient) Possessor Entity Equivalent Instrument Verb cases Action Process Stative Frequency of Occurrence 270 Adverbial cases Location Time Manner Reason Intensifier Attribute cases Quality Condition Ordinal Age Language Analysis IV Exercise: Answers Syntactic Description Frequency of Occurrence 1. Sentence Pattern: Conjoinings: Elaborations: Transformations: 2. Sentence Pattern: Modalities: Conjoinings: Elaborations: Transformations: transitive verb subordination (causal clause) infinitive complement that clause complement (of verb say) infinitive complement (of adj + intens) personal pronominal deletion (to and that) contraction intensifier transitive verb yes-no question subordination (adv cI time) relative clause factive clause participle compl do-support aux invers deletion (rei pro) ind obj preposing pers pronominal (2) 3. Sentence Patterns: Conjoinings: Elaborations: Transformations: 4. Sentence Pattern: Modalities: Conjoinings: Elaborations: Transformations: transitive verb linking verb coordination (conjunction) nomin verb + 0/ prep phrase modifier relative adverb clause passive pers pronominal (2) adv preposing contraction transitive verb negation coordination (conjunction) poss det modifier participle nominal (2) adj modifier relative clause prep phr modifier infinitive compl that clause compl deletion (that complementizer) relative pronominal 5. Sentence Patterns: transitive verb linking verb Conjoinings: coordination (disjunction) subordination (causal c1) Elaborations: wh·c1ause complement inf compl (of adj) Transformations: pers pronominal contraction reflex pronomin it-replacement contraction intensifier Syntactic Summary 271 Sentences transitive verb linking verb Modalities negation yes-no question Conjoinings coordination subordination Elaborations poss det or noun adj modifier relative clause prep phrase modifier inf compl/nominal participle compl/nominal that cI complement wh-c1ause complement factive clause nominalized verb + of phr Transformations pronominalization adverbial preposing intensifier indirect object preposing aux or copula inversion do-support contraction passive deletion it-replacement Frequency of Occurrence 5 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 2 4 3 2 1 1 1 8 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 5 1 Comments with...