Analyzing Syntax & Semantics Workbook

CHAPTER 16 Relativization

CHAPTER 16 Relativization Exercise 36 1. List three relative pronouns and two relative adverbs. a. b. c. d. e. 175 2. Explain the function of a relative clause in a sentence. 3. Underline the relative clause in each sentence and draw an arrow from the relative clause introducer to the noun referent. a. We saw the elephant that was born at the zoo. b. The blunders that the speaker made indicated her nervousness. c. The boy who enlisted is my cousin. d. We noticed a barn that looked deserted. e. Do you have the tools that you need for changing tires? 4. Write the matrix sentence on the first line and the insert sentence on the second. a. Put the box in the closet where the dog can't get it. M: I: b. Children who are not yet five may enter free. M: I: 176 c. That's the girl whose name I misspelled. M: _ I: d. He is one employee whom everyone trusts. M: I: e. Helen's aunt is a nurse who works at St. Vincent's Hospital. M: I: f. This is the hat that belongs to Mr. Andrews. M: I: 5. Write one sentence, embedding the second sentence into the first. Use a different relative pronoun in each. (Use a relative adverb whenever possible.) a. M: That boy is sleepy in school. I: That boy works nights. b. M: Bob is going to school at Georgetown University. I: There is a good law school at Georgetown University. c. M: He located the article. I: He needed the article for his paper. d. M: The carton broke open. I: The carton contained the crayons. 177 6. Underline the relative clause and identify [1) its syntactic environment as final (F) or medial (M); (2) whether the pronoun is a subject or subject modifier replacement (S), direct object replacement (DO), indirect object replacement (10), or an NP in an adverbial replacement (Adv); and (3) whether it is prepfronted (P-F). a. Ms. Bridgeman is the woman to whom he should give the report. b. The money that Don lost has been repaid. c. Mother found the shawl that had belonged to Grandma. d. Evelyn, whose apartment was ransacked, has moved to a new neighborhood. e. The town in which they work is Kingston. 7. Write a sentence for each that would reflect the wrong meaning received by a reader using an S-V-O surface order strategy. a. The animal that bit the child was rabid. b. The tower of blocks which had been built on the table toppled over. c. Jack's mother, who received a refund from the store owner, was satisfied. Exercise 37 1. Write the complete relative clause before reduction putting parentheses around the deleted words. a. The books the boy returned were torn. b. The car Janice bought was in good condition. c. The youth educated at Stanford became a lawyer. d. Those dogs running around the streets will be picked up. 178 2. Underline the postnominal modifier resulting from a relative clause reduction in each sentence and identify it as a V-ing phrase, V-en phrase, appositive (appos), or prep phrase (PP). a. The boy on the bench is the captain. b. Joseph, a member for five years, was elected treasurer. c. The officer caught the children playing hooky from school. d. The tumbleweeds tossed about by the wind piled up near the fence. e. Joan has a cat without a tail. 3. Explain the different meanings that the writer could be conveying in the following sentences. Identify each as having a restrictive (R) or nonrestrictive (NR) clause. a. The second-year students who are industrious will graduate this spring. b. The second-year students, who are industrious, will graduate this spring. 4. Write two sentences, one with a restrictive relative clause and one with a nonrestrictive relative clause. Restrictive: Nonrestrictive: 5. Underline the prenominal modifier(s) in each sentence and identify it as an Adj, -en participle, -ing participle, or noun adjunct (NA). a. Fragrant roses grew in her flower garden. b. A shifted participle is a prenominal modifier. c. The chirping birds woke up the sleeping children. d. That scented stationery is a birthday gift. e. The ripped-out pages angered the old librarian. 6. Write the relative clause before reductions for each of...