Analyzing Syntax & Semantics Workbook

CHAPTER 13 Language Analysis Ii Exercise

128 CHAPTER 13 Language Analysis II Exercise Complete both syntactic and semantic descriptions and summaries for the following hypothetical sample. Use the sample in chapter 13 as a guide. Language Sample 1. You're not the winner. 2. Which book does Dad have? 3. That tree was knocked down last night. 4. There was a big elephant at the zoo. 5. Susie handed the elephant a peanut. 6. Bite her hand off. 7. Yesterday she was sewing. 8. Why is Tom so ugly? 9. Did he polish the wood floors with a cloth? 10. The baby likes anything. 11. She hasn't cried for two hours. 12. Could they sleep on Mary's sofa bed? Syntactic Description 1. You're not the winner. VP modulation: NP modulation: Modality change: Transformation: 2. Which book does Dad have? VP modulation: NP modulation: Modality change: Transformation: 3. That tree was knocked down last night. VP modulation: NP modulation: Transformation: 4. There was a big elephant at the zoo. VP modulation: NP modulation: NP elaboration: Transformation: 129 130 5. Susie handed the elephant a peanut. VP modulation: NP modulation: Transformation: 6. Bite her hand off. VP modulation: NP elaboration: Modality change: Transformation: 7. Yesterday she was sewing. VP modulation: Transformation: 8. Why is Tom so ugly? VP modulation: NP modulation: Modality change: Transformation: 9. Did he polish the wood floors with a cloth? VP modulation: NP modulation: NP elaboration: Modality change: Transformation: 10. The baby likes anything. VP modulation: NP modulation: Transformation: 11. She hasn't cried for two hours. VP modulation: NP modulation: 131 132 Modality change: Transformation: 12. Could they sleep on Mary's sofa bed? VP modulation: NP modulation: NP elaboration: Modality change: Transformation: Syntactic Summary Sentences Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3 Pattern 4 Pattern 5 Verb Phrase Modulations regular past regular 3rd person modal copula be auxiliary progressive perfect preposition particle have aux Frequency of Occurrence Comments Noun Phrase Modulations regular plural articles demonstratives cardinals ordinals Noun Phrase Elaborations possessive determiner possessive noun adjective noun adjunct Modality Changes negation imperative yes-no question wh-question Transformations pronominalization: personal indefinite do-support auxiliary or copula inversion contraction adverbial preposing intensifier indirect object preposing particle movement there passive deletion Frequency of Occurrence Comments 133 134 Semantic Description 1. You're not the winner. 2. Which book does Dad have? 3. That tree was knocked down last night. 4. There was a big elephant at the zoo. 5. Susie handed the elephant a peanut. 6. Bite her hand off. 7. Yesterday she was sewing. 8. Why is Tom so ugly? 9. Did he polish the wood floors with a cloth? 10. The baby likes anything. 11. She hasn't cried for two hours. 12. Could they sleep on Mary's sofa bed? Semantic Summary Number of utterances: Number of propositions: Number of propositions per utterance: Noun cases Mover Agent Experiencer Patient Entity Equivalent Beneficiary Possessor Part Verb cases Action Process Stative Modifier cases Condition Size Cardinal Ordinal Adverbial cases Location Time Duration Reason Instrument Intensifier Language Analysis II Exercise: Answers Syntactic Description 1. You're not the winner. VP modulation: contracted copula NP modulation: +def art Modality change: negation Transformation: contraction personal pronominalization Frequency of Occurrence Npl + VL + Npl 135 136 2. Which book does Dad have? Dad has some book. VP modulation: (do aux) NP modulation: {3 art Modality change: wh-question Transformation: auxiliary inversion do-support 3. That tree was knocked down last night. (Someone) knocked down that tree last night. VP modulation: (be aux) particle NP modulation: demonstrative ordinal Npl + V + Np2 Npl + V + Np2 +Adv Transformation: passive deletion NP modulation: NP elaboration: Transformation: Transformation: 4. There was a big elephant at the zoo. A big elephant was at the zoo. VP modulation: uncontracted copula preposition - def art + def art adjective modifier there 5. Susie handed the elephant a peanut. Susie handed a peanut to the elephant. VP modulation: regular past NP modulation: {3 article - def art + def art Transformation: indirect object preposing 6. Bite her hand off. (You) bite off her hand. VP modulation: particle NP elaboration: possessive determiner Modality change: imperative Transformation: particle movement 7. Yesterday she was sewing. She was sewing yesterday. VP modulation: be aux progressive personal...