Terrorism, Instability, and Democracy in Asia and Africa

Front Cover

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pp. c-ii

Title Page

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pp. iii-vi

Contents

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pp. vii-viii

Illustrations

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pp. ix-x

Acknowledgments

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pp. xi-xiv

Chapter 1: Introduction

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pp. 1-7

Most Americans did not recognize terrorism as a threat to the United States or their personal interests until the 11 September 2001 attacks on the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., and the World Trade Center buildings in New York City. While the Al-Qaeda terror attacks were a shocking introduction to the frightening power of terrorism,...

Chapter 2: Defining Terrorism

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pp. 8-25

Before a study regarding any aspect of terrorism can be conducted, an accurate and useful definition of terrorism must first be offered. Several researchers have, in the past, delved into research on terrorism without offering a very compelling definition of terrorism or by simply referring to another author’s vague notion of the term. This seems...

Chapter 3: A Clash of Civilizations, the Democratic Peace, the Poverty–Terrorism Nexus, or Regime Instability

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pp. 26-39

One of the main focuses of this book is to explain terrorism in Africa and Asia. To this end, we examine four factors that may inhibit or encourage terrorist activity. We will examine the effect that differences in civilization, democratization levels, poverty, and instability have on both international and domestic terrorism levels. The Clash of Civilizations...

Chapter 4: Methods Used to Investigate the Causes of Terrorism in Asia and Africa

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pp. 40-48

The main purpose driving our research is to examine four factors—civilization, democracy, poverty, and regime stability— and their potential impact on international and domestic terrorism. As we have previously stated, we believe such an inclusive examination of terrorism is novel. Further, no study that we have come across examines domestic...

Chapter 5: Analyzing International Terrorism in Asia and Africa

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pp. 49-67

A major goal of this book is to examine four major factors (democracy, economics, civilization, and regime stability) in order to determine whether one of more of these factors inhibits or enables the development of terrorism. We use both statistical analysis and case studies to accomplish this goal. This chapter is the statistical examination portion...

Chapter 6: Analyzing Domestic Terrorism in Asia and Africa

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pp. 68-87

This chapter examines the same four factors (democracy, economics, civilization, and regime stability) in relation to domestic terrorism in Asia and Africa. Domestic terrorism is often overlooked in the embryonic lexicon of research on terrorism. This is largely due to the current U.S. foreign policy emphasis on international terrorism after the 11...

Chapter 7: Terrorism, Transition, Economic Growth, and Instability in Southeast Asia

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pp. 88-107

Southeast Asian states can best be described as states in transition. There is considerable economic transition from developing to developed. Once thought of as “Third World” states, most Southeast Asian nations boast strong or growing economies and rapidly advanced and diversified industries. Singapore, for example, has become the telecommunications...

Chapter 8: East Asia: A Lack of Sustained Terrorism

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pp. 108-124

In sharp contrast to South and Southeast Asia are the East Asian nations of China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. These six states account for approximately one-fifth of the world’s population, yet these same six states only accounted for 116 terror events during our nearly thirty-year period of study. Contrast that...

Chapter 9: The Large and Constant Specter of Terrorism in South Asia

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pp. 125-157

Although East Asia is fairly calm, comparatively, on the terrorism front, the South Asian terrorism experience can only be aptly termed cataclysmic. Of the six South Asian states in our study, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, only one is not currently grappling with a significant terrorist challenge. Other than the...

Chapter 10: Central Asia and the Role of the Soviet Union

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pp. 158-166

The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1992 brought to casual observers a perception of an era of peace in international affairs with the effective end of the Cold War that had dominated global politics for four decades. The most visible threat to the United States had been nuclear conflict with a large, organized, and well-armed antagonist....

Chapter 11: Terrorism in Northern Africa

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pp. 167-182

Terrorism on the African continent is unique. Just as each African state is unique in its history and culture, each state has a unique terrorist situation. In this chapter we address terrorist activity in the region, focusing on the states with high incidences of terrorism....

Chapter 12: The Terrorist Experience in Sub-Saharan Africa

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pp. 183-201

Instability and terrorism are not confined to northern Africa. Almost every state south of the Sahara Desert has had some form of terrorist incident—with the exception of one, Malawi. The remaining Sub-Saharan states have had varying degrees of instability that have resulted in terrorist attacks. This chapter focuses on the four states that...

Chapter 13: Conclusion and Policy Prescriptions

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pp. 202-212

While the U.S. government has only recently and fervently joined the global war on terror, many states in Asia and Africa have been fighting their own terror demons for decades. This places the U.S. counter-terrorism strategy at a disadvantage, as it is essentially embryonic in its development. What the U.S. government and policymakers...

Index

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pp. 213-226