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acknowledgments Many of the data that are the basis for this book were collected with resources from Grant No. 96–ij–cx–002, from the National Institute of Justice . That support is much appreciated, though the analysis and conclusions do not represent the opinions of the National Institute of Justice or its employees. Dr. Timothy S. Bynum, Michigan State University, acted as the coprincipal investigator for that research, and he brought tremendous experience, skill, and energy to the extensive data collection phase of the study. Graduate students who have now gone on to be professors at various institutions were instrumental in that phase of the research. They include Barbara Koons-Witt, University of South Carolina; Kristy Holtfreter, Arizona State University; and Hoan Bui, University of Tennessee. Numerous interviewers assisted with the time-consuming data collection. Probation and parole officers as well as program staff at both of the study sites were patient and helpful throughout that long process. Suyeon Park and Tia Stevens , current Ph.D. students, played a major role in developing the case database for the qualitative data analysis and spent long hours doing tedious work to pull data from multiple sources and assemble the information for qualitative analysis. I owe much to Dr. Eileen M. Roraback, Associate Director of the Michigan State University Public Humanities Collaborative , who applied her talent for writing, supportive friendship, and good advice to the completion of this book. Dr. Nicole Rafter and Dr. Barbara Owen provided substantial advice on the publication process. Much thanks also to Phyllis Deutsch from the University Press of New England, andtoClaireM.RenzettiandChristineE.Rasche,whoreviewedearlyversions of the book. The University Press of New England administrative, marketing , and copyediting staff also contributed substantially to preparing the final version of the book and making it available to interested readers. Last but never least of the people who provided support as I carried out the research , analysis, and writing are my husband, Edward Morash, and our children,ValerieandSooJin.Theyprovidedexceptionalencouragementand a happy home life that freed me to spend time on this project. ...

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