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277 A Abram, David, 137, 139, 140, 180, 212 acoustic ecology, 115–16, 138, 140–41, 144, 252n13. See also soundscape albatross, 93 animality, 75, 90 animals, 251n5; cultural life, 131–32, 136; and hunting, 245n17; intelligence of, 6; naming of, 38–41; and ownership, 104, 118; and play, 36, 225; as rational, 129, 133–34; rights of, 134; as symbol, xv, 134, 242n13; qua animals, 26 anthropocentrism, 9, 41, 46, 77, 212, 221 anthropomorphism, 39, 91, 120, 124, 129, 132, 150, 249n8 apostrophe, 68–69, 71, 85, 122, 124–25 Aristophanes, 122 Arnold, Matthew, 122, 203–4 Arthur & George (Barnes), 34 Ashcroft, Bill, 135 Atwood, Margaret, xi, 32, 77 Auden, W. H., 113, 126;“Musée des Beaux Arts,” 84 Audubon, John James, 246n21 Avison, Margaret, 241n7; “The Butterfly,” 23–24, 241n6 awe, xvii, 58, 59, 69, 84, 148, 158, 183 B Babstock, Ken, 77, 144, 152–54, 159, 258n1 Bachelard, Gaston, 3, 4, 9–11, 245n18 Banting, Pamela, 206–7, 211 Bartlett, Brian, 74, 153, 187, 192, 200, 253n3 Bate, Jonathan, 10–12 Battalio, John, 54, 178–79, 210, 240n2, 254n3 Beattie, Munro, 75 becoming bird, 93–94, 251n12 The Bedside Book of Birds: An Avian Miscellany (Gibson), 126, 163 Beer, Gillian, 175, 192 being bird, 93 Bentley, D. M. R., 46, 76, 78, 243n2 Bewick, Thomas, 17 bioacoustics, 116, 136 biophilia, 48, 54 birder-critic, 31–41, 99–111, 126, 161–71, 215–22, 223 birder-poet, 36, 75, 76, 79, 85, 92–94, 125– 26, 136, 147–48, 150, 156, 177–94, 186, 189, 224; as amateur, 182; as mediator, 179–82; as namer, 184 birding, 23, 33–34, 74, 77, 100, 163, 177, 238n3; amateur, 54, 182; as analogous to poetry, 55, 177; and relationship, 190; as storytelling, 167 Birding Babylon: A Soldier’s Journal from Iraq (Trouern-Trend), 33 birds: affinities with humans, 36, 57–58, 130, 137; caged, 118; cultural life, 131–33, 193, 251n6; and endangerment , 118–19, 188, 190; intelligence, 36, 93, 131–33, 193, 225; as intercessor, xix, 182; as other, xviii, xix, 8, 150–51, 191; qua birds, 56–57, 163–64, 190; as subject for poetry, xviii, 12, 57, 59, 122, 129–30, 190, 202; as symbol, xix, 11, 18–19, 53, 56, 59, 62, 71, 92; as toolmaker , 36; and unknowability, 169; and Index 278 • Index wisdom, 69, 139. See also individual bird names Birds in Fall (Kessler), 90, 94 birdsong, 11, 38, 110, 115–27, 129–32, 136–45, 148, 158–59, 169, 170–71, 193–94, 250n7; as inspiration for human language, 149–50; as inspiration for human music, 12; and lyricism, 180; polyphonic aspects,156; and walking , 17 Birds with Human Souls: A Guide to Bird Symbolism (Rowland), 33 birdwatching. See birding bissett, bill, xi blackbird, red-winged (Agelaius phoeniceus ), 99, 130–31, 183 Black Mountain Poets, 76 Bondar, Alana F., 23, 89, 188 Borson, Roo, 161 The Botany of Desire (Pollan), 151, 212 Bradley, Nicholas, 23 Brand, Dionne, 133 Breugel, Pieter, 84 Bringhurst, Robert, 7, 24, 31, 115, 131–32, 159, 171, 180, 187, 238n6; and polyphony , 252n12; and Ricou, 24–25, 34, 189 Brown, W. J., 63, 68, 247n4 Bryson, Scott, 10, 41 Buell, Lawrence, 15, 26–27, 37, 47, 105, 106–7, 110, 205, 237n1, 240n5 bunting, indigo (Passerina cyanea), 22 Burroughs, John, 27, 46, 55, 71–72, 126 Bushell, Kevin, 49 bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus), 36, 169; and nests, 9–10 Byron, Lord, 11, 83 C Cajete, Gregory, 109–10 Campbell, SueEllen, 164 Campbell, Wilfred, 46 cardinal, northern (Cardinalis cardinalis), 35, 163–64, 169 Carman, Bliss, 46 Carroll, Joseph, 26–27, 205 Carson, Rachel, 12, 117, 178, 179, 247n4, 249n2 Chaucer’s Checklist (Jeneid), xvii chickadee: black-capped (Poecile atricapillus ), 40, 171–72; Carolina (Poecile carolinensis ), 40 chiffchaff, common (Phylloscopus collybita ), 11 Clare, John, 7–12, 18, 123, 213, 240n5, 258n5;“The Pettichap’s Nest,”11;“The Skylark,” 135 clearings, 141–43, 163, 252n14 cockatoo, 53 Coetzee, J. M., 26, 56, 133–34, 151, 242n13 Cohen, Leonard, 240n3 Cohen, Michael P., 207, 241n10 Cokinos, Chris, 56, 246n22 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 83, 93 colonialism, 5, 52, 105, 109; and science, 190 Commoner, Barry, 154, 179 A Concise History of Ornithology (Walters), xvii consilience, 48, 242n15 Cook, Méira, 84, 93, 182, 248n2 Coupland, Douglas, 35 crane, sandhill (Grus canadensis), 147–48 Crawford, Robert, 254n8, 256n9 Creates, Marlene, 12–13 crow, xiii, 35–36, 39, 101, 133, 162, 164–66; American (Corvus brachyrhynchos), 35–36; New Caledonian (Corvus moneduloides ), 36, 133...

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