Child Welfare: Connecting Research, Policy, and Practice

Contents

CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Evariste Thériault Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Kathleen Kufeldt and Brad McKenzie Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Setting the Context: Child Welfare Law in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Nicholas Bala I Insights from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Abuse and Neglect 1 Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect: Changing Patterns of Reported Maltreatment, 1998 and 2003 . . . . . . 23 Nico Trocmé, Barbara Fallon, and Bruce MacLaurin 2 The Response of the Ontario Child Welfare System to Neglect: 1993 to 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Kate Schumaker, Barbara Fallon, and Nico Trocmé 3 Factors Associated with the Decision to Provide Ongoing Services: Are Worker Characteristics and Organizational Location Important? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Barbara Fallon and Nico Trocmé 4 Canadian Child Welfare Worker Qualifications: Examining a Changing National Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Barbara Fallon, Bruce MacLaurin, Nico Trocmé, Jordan Gail, and Carolyn Golden 5 Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect: Themes and Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Brad McKenzie and Kathleen Kufeldt v II The Continuum of Care Early Intervention and Support 6 Differential Response in Child Welfare: A New Early Intervention Model? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Brad McKenzie 7 Doing the Work: Child Protection Jobs in Centralized and Accessible Service Delivery Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Gary Cameron, Nancy Freymond, and Lirondel Cheyne-Hazineh 8 Child Welfare Interventions That Make Sense to Mothers . . . . . . . . . . 131 Nancy Freymond and Gary Cameron 9 Projet Famille: A Family Therapy Project for Neglectful Families . . . . 145 Michèle Brousseau, Madeleine Beaudry, Marie Simard, and Cécile Charbonneau Out-of-Home Care 10 Foster Care: An Essential Part of the Continuum of Care . . . . . . . . . . 157 Kathleen Kufeldt 11 Finding the Best Home: A Comparative Analysis of Kinship and Foster Care Placements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Katharine Dill 12 A Bicultural Response to Children in Need of Care and Protection in New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Jill Worrall 13 Experiences of Foster Carers’ Children: An Overview of the Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Tracy Swan and Robert Twigg 14 Making Group Home Care a Positive Alternative, Not the Last Resort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 James Anglin 15 The Changing Face of Adoption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Kathleen Kufeldt Youth Transitions 16 Factors Associated with Family Reunification among Adolescents in Residential Care: A Quebec Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Marie-Claude Simard and Marie-Andrée Poirier CONTENTS vi 17 Aging Out of Care and the Transition to Adulthood: Implications for Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Varda Mann-Feder 18 Knock, Knock, Who’s There … for Youth? The Experience of Support When Aging Out of Foster Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Deborah Rutman and Carol Hubberstey 19 Providing a Seamless Continuum of Care: Themes and Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Kathleen Kufeldt and Brad McKenzie III Indigenous Issues in Child Welfare 20 Disproportionate Representation of Indigenous Children in Child Welfare Systems: International Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Clare Tilbury and June Thoburn 21 Understanding the Overrepresentation of First Nations Children in Canada’s Child Welfare System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Vandna Sinha, Nico Trocmé, Cindy Blackstock, Bruce MacLaurin, and Barbara Fallon 22 From Child Protection to Community Caring in First Nations Child and Family Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Brad McKenzie and Corbin Shangreaux 23 Wrap a Star Blanket around Each One: Learning from the Educational Experiences of Indigenous Former Children in Care on Coast Salish Territory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Shelly Johnson (Mukwa Musayett) 24 Indigenous Issues in Child Welfare: Themes and Implications . . . . . 353 Brad McKenzie and Kathleen Kufeldt IV Selected Practice Issues 25 Risk Assessment in Child Welfare: Use and Misuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Jan Christianson-Wood 26 Engaging with Fathers in Child Welfare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Christopher Walmsley, Leslie Brown, Marilyn Callahan, Lena Dominelli, and Susan Strega 27 Critical Issues of Practice and Protection in Relation to Families and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Dorothy Badry CONTENTS vii 28 Children with Disabilities in Care in Manitoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Don Fuchs 29 Child Welfare Challenges for Developing Nations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 Myrna McNitt 30 Selected Practice Issues: Themes and Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 Kathleen Kufeldt and Brad McKenzie V The Search for Best Practice 31 Family-Centred Child Welfare Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 Alexandra Wright and Diane Hiebert-Murphy 32 Using Looking After Children Data to Link Research to Policy and Practice in Out-of-Home Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Sarah Wise and Ruth Champion 33 The Looking After Children Approach in Quebec: An Evaluation of the Experiences of Youth, Caseworkers, and Foster Parents . . . . . . . . . 473 Marie-Andrée Poirier, Marie-Claude Simard, Véronique Noel, and Béatrice Decaluwe 34 Guided Practice in Australia: Research, Implementation, and Child and Family Perspectives on Looking After Children and the Assessment Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 Deirdre Cheers, Elizabeth Fernandez, Jude Morwitzer, and Sue Tregeagle 35 Resiliency: Embracing a Strength-Based Model of Evaluation and Care Provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 Tyrone...