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>> 191 index Abrahamsen, Therese, 41, 167n11 Abu Ghraib, 145–146 Ackerman, David, 113, 116, 158. See also St. James Church massacre Action identification theory, 85–86, 124– 125; focus of attention in perpetrators, 86–87 Adam, Heribert, 3, 28 African National Congress (ANC), 18, 32, 33, 56–57, 59–60, 74, 129–130, 141; clashes with other organizations, 56–60, 129–131. See also Umkhonto we Sizwe Afrikaner, 29, 30, 63–64 Agency and interactionism, 81–83; situationism, 81 Alba, Joseph, 46 Ambinder, Marc, 145 Améry, Jean, 100 Amnesty Committee of the TRC, 6–7, 15, 18, 35, 36–39, 40, 43–44, 53, 133–139; biases, 107–108, 141; composition, 37– 38; establishment of, 37–38; goals and procedures, 36–38, 134–139, 166n9; maintaining diversity, 141 Amnesty hearings of the TRC, 15–16, 39–49, 133–139, 147, 153–154; accountability, 135–136; amnesty applicants, 15, 34, 36, 40, 43; characteristics of perpetrator testimony, 15–16, 95–96, 119; confrontations between perpetrators and victims, 16–17, 98–99; 100–102, 112, 115–118, 122, 123, 125–126, 127–128, 129–131, 132, 150; constraints on testimony, 167n12; cross-examination, 138, 165n6, 166–167n10, 167n12; disputing testimony, 103, 106; full and sincere disclosure, 15, 34, 38, 40; 43– 44, 111, 167n11; integrating psychology, 142; lack of emotion, 44–45; neutral terminology, 169n9; oath, 39, 170n2; openness, 95–96, 137–138; procedures, 39–40, 166n9; public testimony, 40–42; reconciliation, 136–137; requirements for amnesty, 34–36; rule of law, 138–139; self-incrimination, 138–139; statistics, 37; testimony as humanizing and punishing, 140–141, 172n4; uncovering truth, 134–135; unsatisfying explanations and memory limitations, 45–49; veracity of testimony, 43–44, 167n14 Amnesty International, 3, 34, 145, 153, 168n15 Andrews, Molly, 21, 115 Apartheid, 3, 7–8, 29–34, 42–43, 49–52, 164n1, 164n2; defined by extremes, 42–43; definition, 29; Group Areas Act, 30–31; history, 29–34; 192 > 193 68–81; sustained violence, 60–87, 92–93, 147–150; triggers, 54–56, 59–60, 83–87. See also Platforms for collective violence; Priming collective violence; Triggers for collective violence Colvin, Christopher J., 143 Constitution of South Africa, 142 Conyers, John, 145–146 Cooper, Linda, 174n3 Corbett, Edward P. J., 163n7 Cornejo, Marcela, 142, 145 Cornelius, Quentin, 114, 125–126, 158; testimony, 125–126. See also Heidelberg Tavern massacre COSATU House, 51, 84 Cox, Larry, 145 Crocker, David A., 136, 138, 140, 145 Cronje, Jan (Brigadier), 84, 155 Daniel, John, 169n9 Danner, Mark, 146 Dasgupta, Nilanjana, 171n8 Davis, Mike, Buda’s Wagon, 69, 169n8 Death squads, 50, 107, 109 de Beer, Marésa, 43, 50, 81, 163n9, 168n3; The Theatre of Violence, 43, 50, 81, 163n9, 168n3 de Klerk, F. W. (President), 16, 64, 107, 109 de Kock, Eugene (Colonel), 3, 50, 63, 69, 77, 84, 93, 107, 149, 155; autobiography, 168n3, 168–169n4; “Prime Evil,” 50; Vlakplaas, 67, 78 DePaulo, Bella M., 124 Derrida, Jacques, 99 Doubling in perpetrators, 88–91; drunkenness, 90. See also Selfconcepts in perpetrators Dlomo, Sicelo, 108–109, 114, 167n14, 171n7 Dratel, Joshua L., 146 Dube, John, 108–109, 114, 155, 171n7 Duckitt, John, 142 Dutch Reformed Church, 63, 64, 77, 149 du Toit, Fanie, 44 Ekman, Paul, 124 Erasmus, Paul, 62, 63, 65, 67, 78, 80, 114, 149, 155 Evil, 24–26 Eyal, Gil, 136 Fact-finding commissions, 146; 9/11 Commission, 146 Fagan, Eduard, 142 Fine, Glenn A., 146 First, Ruth, 127 Firth, Lucy, 115 Forbes, Ashley, 66, 113, 158, 169n7 Forgiveness, 114–118; defined, 114– 115, unilateral and negotiated forgiveness, 115; without reconciliation, 116–118 Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies, 5, 6, 7, 161n2 Introduction Foster, Anne, 57–59 Foster, Don, 43, 44, 45, 50, 81, 163n9, 168n3; The Theatre of Violence, 43, 50, 81, 163n9, 168n3 Fourie, Jeannette, 114, 122, 158. See also Heidelberg Tavern massacre Frank, Mark G., 124 Fromson, Bill, 81 Fullard, Madeleine, 169n9 Fundamental attribution error, 81 Gauteng, 33 Gender related norms, 162n5 Gerrard, Marchelle, 169n10 Geyser, John, 57–59 Gibson, James L., 110, 114, 171n1 Gibson, Janice T., 92 Giorgi, Amedeo, 19, 162–163n7 Giorgi, Barbro, 19, 162–163n7 Gobodo-Madikizela, Pumla, 44, 50, 93, 120, 129; A Human Being Died That Night, 44, 50, 93, 129, 168n3; reaction to victim testimony, 120 194 > 195 Lifton, Robert, 13–14, 88, 142; The Nazi Doctors, 13–14, 88 Lindsay, D. Stephen, 48 Lobb, Margaret, 4, 42, 144 Mabela, Legina, 113, 121, 158 MacNair, Rachel, 91, 92; PerpetrationInduced Traumatic Stress, 92 Madasi, Vuyisile, 66...