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>> 217 Notes Notes to the Introduction 1. Of the fifty-one children living in the home when the 1920 U.S. Census was taken, thirteen were listed as foreign-born. This figure did not include children who remained home with their single or widowed mothers and received monthly subsidies. The Census taker originally listed all parents’ origins as “unknown” but later added in the margins the foreign-born children’s nations of origin. Corresponding case files reveal that many more of these parents—well over half—were of foreign origin. 2. Ralph A. Sonn, Annual Report to the Home’s Board of Trustees, December 31, 1917, Atlanta Hebrew Orphans Home–Jewish Educational Loan Fund (hereafter cited as JELF), Annual Reports, Series I, Container II, Ida Pearle & Joseph Cuba Archives and Genealogy Center, William Breman Museum, Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia (hereafter cited as BCA). 3. See Steve Oney’s thorough account of the trial, And the Dead Shall Rise: The Murder of Mary Phagan and the Lynching of Leo Frank (New York: Pantheon, 2003). 4. Tom Watson used the “Jew Pervert” moniker to refer to Frank on several occasion in Watson’s Magazine. See, for example, the September 1915 (21:5) issue. See also Tom Watson’s Jeffersonian, April 23, 1914 (11:17), 9, wherein Watson describes Frank as a “lustful brute” and “lascivious simian.” For a detailed analysis of the “black beast” rapist stereotype, see George Frederickson, The Black Image in the White Mind: The Debate on Afro-American Character and Destiny, 1817–1914 (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1971). 5. Harry Golden, Our Southern Landsman (New York: Putnam, 1974), 86–88. 6. For examples of recent scholarship on charity as a means of promoting ideals of American citizenship, see Cybelle Fox, Three Worlds of Relief: Race, Immigration, and the American Welfare State from the Progressive Era to the New Deal (Princeton : Princeton University Press, 2012); Reena Sigman Friedman, These Are Our Children: Jewish Orphanages in the United States, 1880–1925 (Hanover: University Press of New England for Brandeis University Press, 1994); and Alex Stepick, Terry Rey, and Sarah J. Mahler, eds., Churches and Charity in the Immigrant City: Religion, Immigration, and Civic Engagement in Miami (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2009). 218 > 219 New History, ed. Marcie Cohen Ferris and Mark Greenberg (Waltham: Brandeis University Press, 2006). 15. In The Southerner as American: Jewish Style (Cincinnati: American Jewish Archives, 1996), Mark K. Bauman argues that “Jews in the South were influenced by the regional subculture in a relatively marginal fashion” (5). 16. Eric Goldstein, “How Southern Is Southern Jewish History?” Biennial Scholars’ Conference in American Jewish History (Charleston, S.C., 2006), 3–5. 17. John Hope Franklin and Charles Grier Sellers, The Southerner as American (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1960) address how “Lost Cause” mythologies influence the production of southern history. Bryan Edward Stone argues in The Chosen Folks: Jews on the Frontiers of Texas (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2010) that “the frontier need not be a physical or geographical place but rather a set of ideas that gives meaning to physical reality” (3). I similarly address “both literal and figurative significance” of space to Jewish identity formation. For an excellent analysis of region’s impact on racial and ethnic identity, see A. Yvette Huginnie, “A New Hero Comes to Town: The Anglo Mining Engineer and ‘Mexican Labor’ as Contested Terrain in Southeastern Arizona, 1880–1920,” New Mexico Historical Review 69:4 (October 1994), 323–344; and Linda Gordon, The Great Arizona Orphan Abduction (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999). Also, Mike DeWitt’s documentary Delta Jews (PBS, 1999) investigates the impact of location in “the South of the South” on Jewish culture, politics, and community in the Mississippi Delta. 18. Lisa Lowe argues that “it is through the terrain of national culture that the individual subject is politically formed as the American citizen” in Immigrant Acts: On Asian American Cultural Politics (Durham: Duke University Press, 1996), 3. See also Jennifer Rae Greeson’s assertion that “knowing about our South is part of knowing what it means to be American” in Our South: Geographic Fantasy and the Rise of National Literature (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010), 1. 19. See Grace Elizabeth Hale, Making Whiteness: The Culture of Segregation in the South (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998); William Fitzhugh Brundage, Where These Memories Grow: History, Memory, and Southern Identity (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000). 20. Renato Rosaldo, “Cultural Citizenship,” Hemispheric Institute...