Islam Is a Foreign Country: American Muslims and the Global Crisis of Authority

Index

>> 389 Index Abd-Allah, Umar Faruq, 288 Abdullah, Luqman, 355–356 Abou ElFadl, Khaled, 215–216 Abu-Lughod, Lila, 240 Abu Sulayman, AbdulHamid, 142 African American Muslims: after September 11, 2001, 324, 328; call to embrace American citizenship, 149–150; and the figure of Bilal, 146; as future of Islam, 99–100; as minorities in American mosques, 132; presumed converts, 257. See also Ahmadis; Moorish Science Temple of America; Nation of Islam Ahmad, 79–80, 99–100, 210–213, 294 Ahmad, Mirza Ghulam, 91 Ahmadis, 91–94; Moslem Sunrise, 93 Ajramiyya, 216 Al-Hajj, Murabit, 161 Ali, Noble Drew, 85–86 ‘alim. See Islamic scholars Allen, Gerald, 300 American dream: and immigrant Muslims, 154–155; as Islamic, 152; and Malcolm X, 81, and Warith Deen Mohammed’s community , 150, 157 American expat teachers, 274–275 American Islamic College (Chicago), 143 American Learning Institute for Muslims, 329 American mosques, 83; changes in architectural design, 133; and egalitarianism, 156; leadership, 41, 127–136, 158 American Muslims: Americanization of, 127–128; as custodians of tradition, 266– 267; as exceptional Americans, 149, 152, 156–157; as exceptional Muslims, 67, 156–157, 258–259, 307; feeling different from Arabs in the Middle East, 63; as the future for Islam, 65, 263–264; as “indigenous Muslims,” 325–326; after September 11th, 297–302; leaders of a global umma, 136, 264, 305, 316, 335, 339; participation in politics, 144–145; profiling of, 8, 298, 336 American Society for Muslim Advancement (ASMA), 323 American University Cairo (AUC), 257 Amin, 177–179, 206–208 Amman, Jordan, 42–43, 47, 55–56 ansa (shaykha). See Gray, Tamara anthropology: connection to colonialism, 14–15; crisis of authority, 16, 40; of Islam, 72–73, 78; politics of representation, 17 anti-Muslim activists (see also disinformation experts), 299–304 Appadurai, Arjun, 16, 314 Arab Spring, 47, 58 archive, Islamic East as, 82, 159, 168, 255 Arendt, Hannah, 226–227 Asad, Talal, 37, 76 Asma, 281–285, 293 al-Assad, Bashar, 233, 235–236, 294 assimilation, 141, 156, 304 as-Sufi, Abd AlQadir, 160 authenticity: of MSTA and Ahmadis, 95; of non-Arab Muslims in global piety movements , 97–98 AlAwlaki, Anwar, 331–338 AlAzhar University (Cairo), 49, 109, 206, 245, 342, 348; Ismail Al-Faruqi’s studies at, 139–140; and Malcolm X, 118; 390 > 391 identity politics: “Muslim-first,” 140; white ethnics, 154 ijaza (license), 64, 192, 204, 253, 269 ijtihad (innovative interpretation of Islamic law). See Islamic law imam (prayer leader): “imported imam,” 134 “Immigrant Islam,” 326 immigrant Muslims in the US, 128, 311, 315; and the hijra, 143–144; idea of “arriving ,” 13; relations with African American Muslims, 153–154, 156; skilled professionals , 133–134; and social justice issues in the US, 155 International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), 143 Invention of Tradition (Hobsbawm and Ranger), 66 Islam: as a cure to American racism, 115, 152; emergence of scholarly disciplines associated with, 38; heterogeneity of, 69; “professional” or “pamphlet,” 132; role of intellect in, 72; and sense of crisis, 34, 40; and “the West,” 65, 66, 152–154 Islamic authenticity, 77 Islamic authority: crisis for Shia, 41; crisis for Sunni, 130–131; defining, 34–35; and ethnic diversity in US mosques, 158; and political dissent, 137; and shift due to immigration, 132–134 Islamic canon, 39, 184, 217 Islamic charity: and support for US social justice, 155–156 Islamic dress: and Hamza Yusuf, 159, 164; MSTA, 87, 97; and Omar, 99 Islamic education; debates about, 183–184, 256–257; and formalists, 185, 204–206; and postcolonial governments in the Middle East, 180–181; and pragmatists , 185, 208–209; and reformists, 185, 212–214; secular reform of, 130, 164, 187, 195-197, 309–310; and traditional religious studies, 184, 203–204; unofficial networks, 49, 191. See also rihla Islamic knowledge: “Moorish Science,” 87; travel and study as a means to retrieve, 53–54, 171–173 Islamic law, 145, 198, 284 Islamic reform, 354–355 Islamic revival, 34, 48–49; and Ismail AlFaruqi , 141; non-Arab participation in, 97–98; pamphlets, 186; replacing historical institutions as authority, 131; and tradition, 163 Islamic scholars: and revivalists, 181–182, 190, 196–198; and secularization, 197– 199; and the state, 188–189 Islamic Society of North American (ISNA), 141 “Islamization of Knowledge,” 142–143 Jackson, Sherman, 84, 105, 326 Jawad, 42–45, 261–263, 271–274, 294 Jibril, Shaykh, 70–71 jihad (struggle): and American Muslims before September 11, 2001, 157–158; and American Muslims after September 11, 2001, 302; claims of “stealth jihad,” 299...