New Netherland Connections: Intimate Networks and Atlantic Ties in Seventeenth-Century America

Index

Index Abrahamsz, Geertien, 93, 303 Account books, 34, 52, 54n, 74, 96–98, 104n, 106, 109, 116–117 Africa, 70, 123; trade with, 3, 14–17. See also Angola; Cape of Good Hope; Elmina Africans in New Netherland, 8, 191– 244; farming done by, 11–12, 226–227, 239; cultural diversity of, 14, 200–202; women among, 16–17, 79n, 191, 204, 206, 210, 213, 217–218, 225, 226n, 228, 231–234, 299; intimate networks among, 21, 23–25, 196–197, 208–217, 221–224, 233–237, 241–242, 248, 299– 300, 302–303; economic participation of, 149–150, 197, 224–231, 239–242; creoles and, 210–212; as sailors, 215– 217; leadership among, 215–217; and ties to the settler population, 218–219, 221–222, 227–231, 238–239, 242–243; community established by, 226–227, 231–232, 239–241; adoption among, 236–237. See also Slaves Albertsen, Willem (Malle Boer), 164–165 Alcohol: consumption and sale of, among settlers, 16, 83, 165; sale of, in Amsterdam inns, 33, 36, 38–39; consumption of, by Africans, 229. See also Alcohol trade; Beer; Debt: and the maritime workforce Alcohol trade, 124, 146, 150, 189; demand for, by Native American customers , 129n; early appearance of, 131; interconnections of, with food trade, 158, 166–167; illegality of, 158–159, 169, 231; regulation of, 163–164, 167; and small-scale sales, 164–166; continuation of, during war, 173; Munsee complaints about, 253–254, 256–258, 266. See also Beer Aldrichs, Jacob, 173 Amsterdam, 12, 13, 15, 23, 30, 136, 179, 182, 193, 297; furs sold in, 3, 48–51, 59, 97; Atlantic networks reaching out from, 8, 17, 19, 24–25, 41–63, 65, 66, 69–102, 104, 106, 116, 299, 301–304; and trade, 26, 30–31, 63, 131, 136, 156, 203, 216, 259, 261; networks within the maritime quarter of, 28, 30–40, 46–50, 63, 65 Anglo-Dutch Wars, 3; First, 15, 158, 169; Second, 15, 245–246, 284, 286, 289–294, 297–298; Third, 298 Angola, 16, 70, 198–199, 201, 209, 211, 235n Arms trade, 147–148, 150, 157–159, 167–168, 230–231 Artisans, 44, 133; as investors, 6; families of, 69, 85, 89–90, 92–96, 98–103, 116, 120 Bakers, 6, 44, 63, 155–157, 167, 176n, 230–231 Baptism, 83, 104n, 109, 263, 292, 299; among Africans, 210, 212–219, 222; 308 Index under the Synod of Dordt, 213; and African leadership, 214–217; of Africans , with white witnesses, 218–219, 227; barriers to increase of, among Africans, 233, 235–237; and Angola, 235n; and social connections among white New Amsterdammers, 260–261, 287–289, 293 Barents, Willem, xvii Barentsz, Pieter, 134–135 Batavia, 11, 15–16, 123, 181n, 193 Beaver skins: hats made from, 3, 8, 63; as currency, 11, 17, 102, 150, 204–205, 302; and Mohawks, 11, 139, 148, 155–156, 165; sale of, in Amsterdam, 49–51, 93, 97, 100n; scarcity of, 114, 132; and Oneidas, 139–140; destruction of, by fire, 147; exchange of, for alcohol, 165; seizure of, by settlers, 177; Dutch greed for, 183–184; increased demand for, 274 —trade in: as basis for colonial prosperity , 12, 17, 19, 124, 189; and colonial elites, 13; face-to-face nature of, 19; and laws, 41, 48–49, 136, 170; as livelihood , 83, 89, 96, 168; and early trade voyages, 124, 130; and women as mediators , 181. See also Fur trade Beeckman, Willem, 174, 288 Beer: exportation of, to New Netherland , 53–54, 95, 97–98; sale of, in New Netherland, 158–159, 164–167, 189; and Native Americans, 256. See also Alcohol Beverwijk/Fort Orange, 10; fur trade at, 11, 96, 124, 129, 134–136, 170, 176–177, 230–231, 246; immigration to, 12, 83, 92; civic governance at, 13; and Mohawks , 14, 24, 141, 145–146, 155–156, 159, 164, 175n, 181, 182, 184, 186, 246; settler women in, 83, 90n, 96; travel to, 149, 183–184, 186; food trade in, 152–153, 155–157; alcohol trade in, 164–167, 169n; traders in, 169; and itinerant trade with Esopus, 172; palisade around, 175n Bigamy and polygamy, 94, 138 Bills of exchange, 57n, 88–89 Bloemmaert, Adriaen, 60; wife of, see Jacobs, Helena (Bloemmaerts) Bogardus, Everardus, 218, 234n, 259, 260 Bontekoe (ship), 55, 81 Boslopers, 138–141, 180; hostility toward, 169–170 Boston, 71, 94, 245 Bottomry, 58–59, 87 Brazil: and New Amsterdam’s Africans, 14, 192n, 203, 211, 213n, 216; trade with, 17, 50n, 98–99...