Confederate Slave Impressment in the Upper South

Index

229 Index African Americans: free, impressment of, 16–17, 23, 25, 65–66, 111, 122, 138, 160, 199 (n. 17), 204 (n. 22); enslaved women, 92–94, 202 (n. 80), 202–3 (n. 88); as Confederate soldiers, 133, 152–56, 159–63; as Union soldiers, 153–54; and state pensions, 161–62. See also Impressed slaves; Slave hiring American Indians. See Native Americans Army of Northern Virginia, 13, 140 Attorney general, C.S.A., 100–101 Benjamin, Sec. of War Judah P., 13, 22–23 Bird, Edgeworth, 137 Board of Slave Claims, 10, 12, 47, 59, 65, 99, 133–38, 165, 195 (n. 2) Bragg, Atty. Gen. Thomas, 100–101 Bread riots, 73, 105 Brockenbrough, Maj. J. B., 136–37 Bureau of Conscription, C.S.A. See Conscript Bureau, C.S.A. Bureau of Engineers, C.S.A. See Engineer Bureau, C.S.A. Campbell, Asst. Sec. of War John A., 102 Clark, Gov. Henry T., 15, 23–25, 29–30 Class conflict, 3, 81–84, 88–89, 118–20, 188 (nn. 4–5, 8), 201 (n. 62) Commissary Department, C.S.A., 25, 33 Confiscation Acts, U.S.A., 17, 28, 197 (n. 48) Congress, C.S.A., 7, 70, 129, 132–36; and 1863 elections, 121 Conscript Bureau, C.S.A., 6, 10–11, 120; and control of slave impressment process, 133–52 passim Conscription: and 1862 Conscription Act, 20, 43; and slave impressment, 73, 80, 94; and 20–slave exemption, 87, 203 (n. 91) Constitution, C.S.A., 4; and slave impressment , 29. See also Federalism Cooper, Adj. and Insp. Gen. Samuel, 78, 141 County courts, Virginia. See Virginia county courts Davis, Jefferson, 8, 11, 37, 105, 113, 120; November 1864 message to Congress, 132–33; and proposals to arm slaves, 133, 152, 155–56 Dimmock, Capt. Charles H., 53 Engineer Bureau, C.S.A.: personnel, 12–13, 23, 47; and hired labor, 21–22; and impressed labor, 22–24, 26–28, 33, 37, 45, 103–6, 136, 139, 150, 159; and cooperation with state and local governments, 33, 37, 43, 74–75, 96, 105–6, 109–10, 116–17, 128–31, 144–45, 148, 158; and care provided to workers, 49–63, 69–70; and exemptions from slave impressment, 115–16, 147; and centralization of slave impressment, 120, 132–33 Engineer Department, Virginia, 24–26 Engineer Hospital, 56, 59–62. See also Impressed slaves: and medical care; Medical Department, C.S.A. Fayetteville, N.C., 7, 24, 105, 108 Federalism: and theories of states’ rights, 230 / Index 2–3, 125–26, 129–30, 158, 163–64, 187–88 (n. 2); and Confederate Constitution , 4–5; and slave impressment laws, 5, 9, 17, 99, 102; and strength of state governments, 9–10, 99–100, 103, 105–10, 127–31, 142, 149–52, 156, 163; and growth of Confederate government, 10–11, 130–31, 137–38, 143–44, 152, 156, 164; and cooperation between Engineer Bureau and Commonwealth of Virginia, 123, 129, 144–45 Fort Caswell, 7, 64 Fort Fisher, 7, 13, 139 Fort Monroe, 13, 22, 26, 64 French, Col. S. Bassett, 75, 112 Gatlin, Adj. Gen. Richard C., 58, 65–66, 107–8, 142–43 General Assembly, Virginia. See Virginia General Assembly Gilmer, Maj. Gen. Jeremy Francis, 102, 139; biographical sketch, 12–13; direct involvement in slave impressment , 33–35, 38, 52–54, 75–76, 85–86, 105, 107, 123, 141, 145; actions taken to protect agriculture, 95–96 Goldsboro, N.C., 7, 41, 128, 139 Gould, William Benjamin (escaped slave), 64 Hill, Maj. Gen. Daniel Harvey, 28–29, 76 Holden, William W.: support for slave impressment, 40–43, 87; campaign for governor of North Carolina, 126 Home front, economic activities of, 6–7, 29, 79, 127, 157–58, 164, 188 (n. 11), 200 (n. 46); railroads, 5, 15, 84, 140, 147; agriculture, 15, 28, 72–73, 94–97, 141; industry, 15, 83–85, 147; blockade-runners, 139. See also Class conflict; Slave hiring; Women Impressed slaves: testimony of, 12, 45– 47, 56–58, 64, 66–67, 159, 163; work performed, 47–50, 193 (n. 5); and punishment, 49–50; and shelter, 51; and rations, 51–55; and medical care, 55–61, 196 (n. 34); and opportunities for escape, 65–66, 156; and memory, 159–63. See also African Americans; Runaway slaves Impressment, food and supplies, 73, 95, 203 (n. 93) Impressment, slaveholders’ objections to, 2, 7, 10–11, 19, 38, 44, 98–99, 134–35, 143–46, 164; and law, 28–29; and agriculture, 42...