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xi Acknowledgments I would like to express my gratitude to Fredrika Teute, Nadine Zimmerli, and the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture for taking a chance on publishing a work by a historical archaeologist, and especially for their continual encouragement and sensible suggestions. I am most grateful to Kathryn Burdette for her excellent copy-editing and consistent good humor. Peter Pope dedicated much time and effort in suggesting ways toexpand and improve the study, for which I extend myconsiderable thanks. I would also like to thankWarren Hofstra for his thoughtful and helpful suggestions on my initial manuscript, and especially for recognizing the value of understanding the past in the context of present-day Northern Ireland. For helping me to refine my thoughts and my prose, I thank the following individuals for reading and offering comments on earlier drafts: Nick Brannon, Marley Brown, Andrew Edwards, Elizabeth FitzPatrick, Robert Heslip, Chris King, Deirdre O’Sullivan, and Beverly Straube. Shannon Mahoney, Debbie Miles-Williams, and Elizabeth Mulqueeny kindly produced maps and drawings included in this book. The support and counsel of Matthew Johnson, Martin Hall, Colin Haselgrove, Marilyn Palmer, and Sarah Tarlow has been invaluable. My research has been supported by a range of funding bodies and institutions .They include the British Academy, the British Council, the Academyof Irish Cultural Heritages at the University of Ulster, the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, the Department of Anthropology and the Reves Center for International Studies at the College of William and Mary, the Leverhulme Trust, the Northern Ireland Environment Agency and its predecessor , the Environment and Heritage Service, the School of Archaeology and Ancient History at the University of Leicester, the School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology and the Institute of Irish Studies at Queen’s University Belfast, the United States National Park Service, and the University of Pennsylvania. I am also grateful to the staff of a range of institutions for assistance over the years, including the British Library, the British Museum, the Guildhall Library and London Metropolitan Archives, the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation, the Lambeth Palace Library, the Linen Hall Library, the Monuments and Buildings Record of Northern Ireland, the National Library of Ireland, the National Maritime Museum, the Pub- xii } ACKNOWLEDGMENTS lic Record Office of Northern Ireland, the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, the Earl Gregg Swem Library at the College of William and Mary, Trinity College Library, Dublin, the Ulster Museum, and the Worshipful Company of Mercers. A number of scholars have generously shared their research and unpublished data, including Dennis Blanton, Nick Brannon, Colin Breen, Joanne Bowen, David Caldwell, Colm Donnelly, Andrew Edwards, Martin Gallivan , Mark Gardiner, Valerie Hall, Charley Hodges, Connie Kelleher, Julie King, Bruce Larson, Paul Logue, Nick Luccketti, Hank Lutton, James Lyttleton , Martha McCartney, Henry Miller, Danielle Moretti-Langholtz, Eiméar Nelis, Ruairí Ó Baoill, John O’Keeffe, James O’Neill, Luke Pecoraro, the late David Phelps, Meredith Poole, William Roulston, Colin Rynne, Kim Sloan, Beverly Straube,Clay Swindell, Karen BellingerWehner, and BuckWoodard. Tom Davidson, Raymond Gillespie,Gillian Hutchinson, Kelly Ladd-Kostro, Kathryn Sikes, Eric Speth, and Grace Turner each cheerfully answered seemingly random queries that were, in fact, essential to my interpretations. Early in my career, I was entrusted with the responsibility of running the first large-scale archaeological fieldwork in the Jamestown townsite since the 1950s, alongside longtime friend and valued colleague Andrew Edwards. Marley Brown III and Cary Carson generously allowed me my head in pursuing Jamestown-related researches, even when some of my critical readings of this iconic site were a bit too passionately stated. Robert Schuyler at the University of Pennsylvania supported me when I drastically changed directions in my research from Appalachia to comparative colonialism in the Atlantic, while David Orr made certain I could pursue both interests. Jamestown research was facilitated by David Orr, Curt Gaul, James Haskett, Kirk Kehrberg, David Riggs, Chuck Rafkind, Karen Rehm, and Diane Stalling. Fieldwork was carried out by the most professional crew ever assembled, including Anna Agbe-Davies, Alison Bell, Amber Bennett, Shannon Dawdy, Eric Deetz, Maria Franklin, Grant Gilmore, Michael Jarvis, Elizabeth Grzymala Jordan, Seth Mallios, Elise Manning-Sterling, Fred Smith, and Karen Bellinger Wehner, with support from Greg Brown, Pegeen McLaughlin, and William Pitman. Colleagues working on the Jamestown Rediscovery excavations have been consistently generous with their time and information , and I owe them a considerable debt for allowing me to discuss some of the findings from their ongoing research. I am particularly grateful to Beverly Straube, William Kelso...

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