Make Room for Daddy: The Journey from Waiting Room to Birthing Room

Notes

noTes Abbreviations AQ, NYT Response to author’s query in New York Times Sunday Book Review, July 24, 1983 AQ, OW Response to author’s query in On Wisconsin 106, no. 2 (Summer 2005): 6 ASPON American Society for Psychoprophylactic Obstetrics Newsletter, Bay Area Chapter BP The Birthing Project: Archive of Women’s Birth Stories, interviews by Helen M. Sterk, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; transcripts quoted with permission “Dear Diary” “Dear Diary . . . Thoughts from St. Mary’s ‘Father’s Waiting Room,’ 1969–1978,” St. Mary’s Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin ICEA International Childbirth Education Association MNOHP Maternity Nursing Oral History Project, 1986, interviews by Sara Monkres (now Williams), typescript in Wisconsin Historical Society Archives, Madison, Wisconsin; quoted with permission WHSA Wisconsin Historical Society Archives, Madison, Wisconsin WMH, FB Wesley Memorial Hospital, Fathers’ Books, Northwestern Memorial Hospital Archives, Chicago, Illinois Preface 1. For traditional accounts that make no mention of fathers, see, for example, Roy P. Finney, The Story of Motherhood (New York: Liverright, 1937), and Alan Frank Guttmacher , Into This Universe: The Story of Human Birth (New York: Blue Ribbon Books, 1937). For some recent examples of men getting some attention, see Richard W. Wertz and Dorothy C.Wertz, Lying-In: A Historyof Childbirth in America (NewYork: Free Press, 1977), and for a more popular account, see Jessica Mitford, The American Way of Birth (NewYork: Dutton, 1992). See also Jacqueline H.Wolf, Don’t Kill Your Baby: Public Health and the Decline of Breast Feeding in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2001), and Laura Ettinger, “The Forgotten Man: New York City’s Maternity Center Association Educates Expectant Fathers” (paper delivered at the History of Science Society annual meeting, Milwaukee, 2002). My thanks to Professor Ettinger for sending me an unpublished copy of this paper. 2. See Judith Walzer Leavitt, Brought to Bed: Childbearing in America, 1750–1950 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), which emphasizes women’s experiences. 3. My colleague Ronald L. Numbers has been pointing out this missing piece to me for years. I thank him for his prodding and encouragement. One early exception to this generalization is J. Jill Suitor, “Husbands’ Participation in Childbirth: A Nineteenth Century Phenomenon,” Journal of Family History 6, no. 3 (Fall 1981): 278–93. For more recent attention to this subject, see Richard K. Reed, Birthing Fathers: The Transformation of Men in American Rites of Birth (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2005), and Rosemary Mander, Men and Maternity (London: Routledge, 2004). 4. Lisa Belkin, “The Selling of Fathers Day: A New Image Is Emphasized,” New York Times, June 14, 1986, 33–34, quotation on 34. The editor believed that by 1985, 80 percent of American fathers were present in the delivery room. See also Rob Palkovitz, “Fathers’ Motives for Birth Attendance,” Maternal–Child Nursing Journal 16 (Summer 1987): 123–29. The Cosby book is Fatherhood (New York: Doubleday, 1986). Introduction 1. Arnaz is quoted in Bart Andrews, The I Love Lucy Book (New York: Doubleday, 1985), 92. See also his Lucy & Ricky & Fred & Ethel (New York: Dutton, 1976), which contains synopses of all shows by airdate. 2.The details of the decision can be found in Andrews, I Love Lucy Book, 92–117, quotation on 94. For a broad look at television in this period, see James L. Baughman, Same 300 * noTes To PaGes ix–2 Time, Same Station: Creating American Television, 1948–1961 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007). 3. I Love Lucy, episode 50, “Lucy Is Enceinte,” aired December 12, 1952, Desilu Productions . For more on this episode, see Andrews, I Love Lucy Book, and Michael McClay, I Love Lucy: The Complete Picture History of the Most Popular TV Show Ever (New York: Time Warner, 1995), 70–75. 4. The word “pregnant” appeared in the title of the second episode, “Pregnant Women Are Unpredictable,” but not on the lips of any character during the shows themselves. 5. See, for example, Judy Kutulas, “‘Do I Look Like a Chick?’ Men, Women, and Babies on Sitcom Maternity Stories,” American Studies 39, no. 2 (Summer 1998): 13–32. For a full discussion of popular culture and notions of motherhood in this period, see Elaine Tyler May, Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era (New York: Basic Books, 1988). 6. Jude Davies and Carol R. Smith, “Race, Gender, and the American Mother: Political Speech and the Maternity Episodes of I Love Lucy and Murphy Brown...