Juries and the Transformation of Criminal Justice in France in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

Index

247 index Abortion: acquittal rates for, 16, 18, 129, 135–37, 138, 141, 146–47, 148, 161, 179, 222 (n. 155), 223 (n. 173); proof of, 16, 129, 136, 179, 222 (n. 156); and jury resistance to punishments, 17; and social norms, 18, 135, 137–38; persons tried for, 135–36, 147, 161, 221 (nn. 148, 150, 151), 223 (n. 172), 228 (n. 37), 231 (n. 10); abortionists distinguished from avortées, 136, 221 (n. 152); and juries finding extenuating circumstances, 136, 221 (n. 152), 222 (n. 158); sentencing for, 136–37, 222 (nn. 154, 159); prevalence of, 137–38, 146, 227 (n. 29); police reports of, 138, 223 (n. 166); and repopulationists , 146, 160; and correctionalization, 147, 160, 227 (nn. 33, 34) Accused persons: rights of, 11, 38, 40, 42– 43, 45, 120, 146; and interrogatoires, 13, 121–22; and inquisitorial criminal procedure , 23; and peremptory challenges, 34, 168–69; as recidivists, 98–100, 208 (n. 61); as bourgeois, 200 (n. 126). See also Character of accused persons Acquittal rates: and law of 1832, 5, 18, 62–63, 72, 79, 100; for political cases, 9, 35–37, 40, 45, 51, 82, 83–84, 85, 90–92, 114, 116, 142, 166, 203 (n. 164), 204 (n. 174), 205 (nn. 18, 21), 206 (n. 26), 213 (nn. 16, 24, 26), 225 (n. 10); for infanticide, 16, 17, 68, 69, 72, 129, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 148, 179, 197 (n. 92), 198 (n. 99), 219 (n. 121), 220 (n. 128); and sanction nullification, 16, 18, 57, 59, 140; for abortion, 16, 18, 129, 135–37, 138, 141, 146–47, 148, 161, 179, 222 (n. 155), 223 (n. 173); for women, 18, 127, 129, 130, 134–35, 148, 178, 179, 182, 218 (n. 98); and harsh punishment, 35, 38, 46, 47, 80, 122–23, 124, 132, 136, 164, 165, 177; and jurors’ interpretation of question intentionnelle, 36, 38; and judiciary’s criticism of jury system, 37, 41, 45; for ordinary crimes, 37, 51; and inquisitorial system, 45; for violent crimes, 49, 70–71, 72, 75, 77, 108–9, 178, 199 (n. 112); for capital crimes, 57, 66, 72, 194 (n. 42), 196 (n. 78); for vol domestique , 69, 198 (n. 103); for property crimes, 70–71, 76–77, 178, 199 (nn. 112, 120), 200 (nn. 121, 122, 123); for whitecollar crimes, 78, 80, 161, 200 (n. 130), 202 (nn. 141, 144), 231 (n. 17); and correctionalization, 86, 120, 143, 147, 148, 177; and criminal responsibility, 120, 125, 127; and abolition of résumé, 121–22; and evidence, 165, 178; and échevinage , 168 Adultery law, 133, 134, 135 Ajam, Maurice, 138 Alexandrine, Zelenine, 131 Allemane, Felix, 147, 227 (n. 34) Allen, Robert, 36–37 American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology (AICLC), 154 Anarchists, 118, 141–42 Anthropometrie, 214 (n. 52) Anti-clerical laws, 117, 137 Anti-Jacobin reaction, 35, 36 Appeals court (cour royale), 29, 40–41, 52 Athens, 25, 26 Baron, G., 227 (n. 26) Barrot, Odilon, 117 Barthélemy, J., 167 Barthou, Louis, 156 Beattie, J. M., 4, 196 (n. 69) 248 Index Beccaria, Cesare, 27, 28, 47, 65, 125, 185 (n. 14) Belgium, 114, 175 Bentham, Jeremy, 47, 125 Bérenger, M., 220 (n. 140) Berenson, Edward, 125, 214 (n. 49) Bergasse, Nicolas, 28 Bergson, Henri, 130 Berry, Charles-Ferdinand de Bourbon, duc de, 56 Berthélemy, H., 147 Bertillon, Alphonse, 214 (n. 52), 228 (n. 36) Bigamy, 172, 174 Birthrate, 146, 227 (n. 29) Blackstone, William, 57 Bonnevay, M. D., 164 Boulanger, Georges, 118 Bourbon Restoration: and cours spéciales, 40; and notables as jurors, 44, 49–50; and correctionalization, 49–50, 81, 82; political and press cases during, 54–55, 83, 203 (n. 164); and jury devices for leniency, 56; and jury lists, 90 Bourgeois jurors: and jury bias against property crimes, 1, 70, 72, 77, 178; sympathies of, 2, 6–7; and class issues, 2, 6–7, 9; prevalence of, 6, 118, 119, 148; and white-collar crimes, 77–78; and jury lists, 90, 205 (nn. 12, 13) Boysset, Charles, 114 Briand, Aristide, 119, 156 Brigandage, 37, 39–40 Brown, Howard G., 40 Camus, Albert, 13 Capital crimes: jury trials for, 41; acquittal rates for, 57, 66, 72, 194 (n. 42), 196 (n. 78); juries’ distinctions among, 66–67, 139, 196–97 (n. 81), 224 (nn. 181, 182); and law of 1832, 69, 80; and juries finding extenuating circumstances, 69, 106, 138, 165, 210 (n. 84), 224 (n. 176), 231 (n. 8); counterfeiting as, 79; conviction...