Brazil's Living Museum: Race, Reform, and Tradition in Bahia

Index

Acculturation theory, 127–29 African “survivals,” 58, 124–32 Afro-Bahians: political leadership of, 3, 155–56; demographics of, 4, 50; poverty of, 7–8, 84, 194 (n. 33); political disenfranchisement of, 8, 22, 45; education of, 8, 22, 138–40; and black identity, 61–66; impact of Afro-Brazilian Congresses on, 68, 75–76, 83, 84, 85; and black movement , 154–57, 176 (n. 125) Afro-Brazilian Congress of 1934, 9, 50–61, 69–71, 74, 92–93, 126, 154 Afro-Brazilian Congress of 1937: Candomblé and, 2, 9, 52–53, 61–66, 75– 77, 79; organization of, 9, 51, 52–53, 65, 66, 71, 73–76, 78, 81; importance of Nina Rodrigues in, 9, 71–73, 76, 81; Freyre’s attempt to sabotage, 66–71; black community inclusion in, 68, 75–76, 83, 85; compared to 1934 Congress, 69, 74; obindex jectives and goals of, 72, 81; community involvement in, 74; popular aspect of, 74–75; focus on freedom of religion in, 77–83; success of, 83–85; legacy of, 85 Afro-Brazilians, 6–8, 52–53, 154, 162 (n. 8), 194 (n. 33) Afro-Brazilian studies, 53, 54, 69–73, 131 Alves, Isaías, 88, 89, 90, 94, 99, 185 (n. 65) Alves, Landulfo, 89, 112, 152 Amado, Jorge, 66, 76, 135 Amazonas, 4, 162 (n. 8) Andrade, Rodrigo Melo de, 107, 110 Aninha. See Santos, Eugênia Ana Automobile industry, 156–57 Azevedo, Thales de, 141, 142, 146, 147, 149, 158 Bahia: sugar industry in, 3–4, 158–59; history of, 3–6, 8, 22, 102–12; demographics of, 4, 157, 162 (n. 8), 191 (n. 3), 218 index 193 (n. 33); socioeconomic inequity in, 7; economic development in, 7, 149, 152–57; as living museum, 152–54 Bahian school of Afro-Brazilian studies, 9, 69–73, 118, 187 (n. 4) Bahia tradicional e moderna (journal), 90–91, 93 Baiana dress, 7, 97–98, 153–54, 194 (n. 35) Baianidade. See Identity Balangandan, 97, 98, 109, 179 (n. 44) Bantu, 78–79 Barroso, Ary, 48, 135 Bastide, Roger, 51, 140, 143, 147–48 Batuque (drumming), 7, 75, 76 Biological determinism, 8–10, 16–18, 20, 29, 33–41, 51–61, 172 (n. 23) Bittencourt, Dario de, 81–82, 83 Black Brazilians. See Afro-Brazilians Blacks. See Afro-Bahians; Afro-Brazilians Boas, Franz, 53–54, 119 Bonfim, Martiniano Eliseu do (Martiniano), 61–64, 76, 79, 80, 81, 83 Brancos: definition and use of term, 4, 162 (n. 8) Branqueamento. See Whitening Brasilidade, 2, 5, 48, 50, 89. See also Identity Brazil: map of, xiv; Bahia’s status within, 3–6; First Republic in (1889–1930), 4, 14; Vargas era in (1930–45), 5, 47–48, 85, 133; restoration of democracy in (1945), 5, 133; military dictatorship in (1964–85), 5, 154; education and literacy in, 16–17, 50, 52, 162 (n. 3), 164 (n. 22); wealth inequity in, 157 Brazilian Conference on Medicine and Surgery, 26–28 Caboclo, 4. See also Mestiços Cabral, Pedro Alvarez, 3 Calmon, Francisco Marques de Góes: museum collection of, 106–7, 110; mansion of, 182 (n. 99) Candomblé, 7, 9, 52–53, 63–64, 76, 87; tourism and, 7; repression of, 7, 30; leaders’ role in Afro-Brazilian Congress of 1937, 9, 52–53, 61–66, 75–77, 79; Africanization of, 61–66, 78–79, 84; music of, 74; creation of self-governing body for, 80–83; gendered nature of leadership in, 120–23, 130 Capoeira, 7, 48, 75, 76 Carneiro, Edison, 52, 55, 62, 72, 103, 111, 114, 115, 127, 140; and AfroBrazilian Congress of 1934, 51, 77; and Afro-Brazilian Congress of 1937, 51–53, 57, 65–66, 69, 73–76, 78, 81, 175 (n. 94); Candomblé scholarship of, 57, 58–59, 65, 78–79, 120, 122; Ramos and, 58, 59, 66, 82, 187 (n. 88); Freyre and, 59, 67–68; on racial inequality, 59–60, 78; Aninha and, 64, 77, 87; Aydano do Couto Ferraz and, 66, 73–76; politics of, 66, 86–87; and campaign for AfroBrazilian studies, 74; Martiniano and, 79; on Nina Rodrigues, 80, 81; advocacy of religious tolerance, 81–83; Landes and, 86, 87, 121–22; on alienation of blacks in Brazil, 154 Carnival, Bahia, 7, 155 Carybé, 112, 134 Caymmi, Dorival, 48, 98 Centro de Estudos Bahianos (Center for Bahian Studies), 187 (n. 4) Community studies, 136–42 Coronelismo (bossism), 25, 145 Costa Pinto, Luiz A., 131, 141 Couto Ferraz, Aydano do, 66, 73–76, 81 Criminology. See Legal medicine...