The Furnace of Affliction: Prisons and Religion in Antebellum America

Index

223 Index Adamson, Christopher, 90, 190 (n. 17), 199 (n. 38) African Americans: and social practices, 29; Stanford’s tract on, 65–66; colonization organizations, 176; and Quakers’ view of education, 192 (n. 43). See also Free blacks; Slavery Alcohol consumption, 11–12, 28, 32, 38, 64, 77, 79, 163 Allen, Stephen, 80, 198 (n. 13) Allen, William, 65 American Bible Society, 88, 91 American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 90, 199 (n. 42) American Education Society, 90, 199 (n. 42) American Sunday-School Union, 73, 133, 199 (n. 42) American Tract Society, 58, 90 Anderson, Rufus, 199 (n. 35) Andersonville Prison, 175 Andover Theological Seminary, 89–90, 108, 123 Andrews, George, 164 Arch Street Prison, 24 Auburn Prison: discipline system of, 73–74, 75, 80–86, 89, 93, 94, 95–96, 100, 101, 103, 104, 106, 120, 121, 124–29, 130, 179, 182; and inmate reformation, 74, 75, 83, 97– 98, 99, 100, 104, 116, 122, 125, 126, 127–28, 142; budget of, 74, 75, 83–84, 120, 126, 130; and inmate statistics, 74, 78, 79; corporal punishment in, 74, 79, 80, 83, 84–86, 94, 95, 99, 107, 120, 125–30, 142, 149, 151, 164, 179; staff of, 74, 80, 95–96, 125, 128, 164; and religious services, 74, 83, 87, 93, 96, 97, 100, 104, 125, 127, 130, 141, 143, 150, 198 (n. 19); scandals of, 74, 85, 96, 99; and administrators/prison chaplains partnership , 74, 86–88, 100, 101, 116, 125–26, 127, 129, 143, 197 (n. 3); common night rooms, 75, 76, 79, 83, 126; keepers of, 75, 76, 86, 95, 130, 150, 151; and silence, 75, 80, 82–83, 86, 142; design of, 75–76; construction of, 76, 78; workshops of, 76, 79, 86; board of prison inspectors, 76, 89, 125, 126, 131, 152; and politics, 76, 168, 197 (n. 4), 206 (n. 11); immigrants as inmates in, 78, 79, 198 (n. 9); riots in, 79; and lockstep, 82, 86, 94, 142, 150; chaplains of, 83, 84, 86–88, 92, 94, 96–98, 99, 100, 122, 124–25, 129, 131, 143, 147, 151–52, 179, 180; and educational services, 83, 86, 99, 125, 127, 130, 198 (n. 19); and violence, 84, 85, 107, 128, 129, 170–71; female inmates of, 84, 106, 126, 127; and inmate classification , 93; recidivism rate of, 93, 97, 100; and inmate resistance, 94, 170; tensions at, 95–100; and inmate writings, 114, 117, 127–28, 202 (n. 23); mentally ill inmates of, 127, 150–52; fraud in, 149; and insanity defenses, 150–52; release of inmates, 163 Baptists: Particular Baptists, 55, 56, 57, 195–96 (n. 55); and Calvinism, 55–56, 57, 195–96 (n. 20); Philadelphia Confession, 56, 57, 67–68; discipline of, 57–58 Barbour, Hugh, 22 Barclay, Robert, 22 224 Index Barrett, Gerrish: as chaplain at Sing Sing Prison, 108, 111–13, 115–16, 117, 122, 129, 180; and inmate suffering, 111–13, 131, 139; Lynds’s removal of, 115–16, 117; and hell-on-earth model, 132–33; writings of, 133–34 Baxter, Richard: Call to the Unconverted, 118, 155 Beach, John H., 76, 79 Beaumont, Gustave de, 3–4, 5, 9, 119–21, 122, 177 Beccaria, Cesare, 19, 25 Behavioral sciences, 180, 181 Bellevue Hospital, 159 Benezet, Anthony, 29 Bentham, Jeremy, 19, 20 Black Jacob (American Sunday-School Union), 73 Blackwell’s Island, 159 Boston Recorder and Religious Telegraph, 112, 141 Bowne, Robert H., 34, 192 (n. 53) Boyce, Samuel, 164 Brady, James Topham, 204 (n. 26) Bratt, James D., 203 (n. 65) Brice, James, 115, 117–18, 129 Britten, William, 76, 78, 79, 80 Brodhead, Richard H., 200 (n. 49) Brown, Mary, 164 Burr, Levi S., 113–14, 117, 129 Burrows, Edwin G., 77 Butler, Benjamin F., 205 (n. 26) Butler, Rose, 66–67, 71 California, 1, 185 (n. 2) Calvinist New Divinity movement, 89–90, 96, 108 Calvinist reformers: and disciplinary routines, 6; and particularity, 22; and Dwight, 89–90, 108, 199 (n. 38); mission field of, 92, 108; and common experience , 109; and prison experiments, 131; and grace, 139; and inmate reformation, 183; and death penalty, 199 (n. 38) Canadian Association of Elizabeth Fry Societies, 208 (n. 5) Capital punishment. See Death penalty Carrick, John, 164 Castle Island, prison experiment in, 20–21 Catholics: and immigrants, 3, 76–77, 105; and conversion of Catholic inmates to Protestantism, 147; Protestant opposition to, 184 Cayton, Mary K., 199 (n. 42) Cheever, George, 199 (n. 38) Christian Register, 126 Christian Secretary, 126 Church...