Unprotected Labor: Household Workers, Politics, and Middle-Class Reform in New York, 1870-1940

Index

241 Index Abyssinian Baptist Church, 160. See also Black churches Addams, Jane, 13, 75 Adkins v. Children’s Hospital, 108–9 A. E. Johnson Agency, 46 African American domestic workers, 8, 9, 15, 90–93, 94, 100–101, 114–15; and health examinations, 166–72; live-­ out vs. live-­ in, 9, 115; and racism, 91–92; and unions, 146–49, 155–65. See also Domestic service; Domestic Workers Union; Race; Unions Allen, Annie Ware Winsor, 30 American Federation of Labor, 15, 50, 106, 120, 147. See also Unions Amundsen, Lillian, 47, 52, 54 Anderson, Mary, 109, 122, 124 Andrews, Benjamin, 118, 120, 171 Archer, Theodore, 167 Ashcroft, Henry, 152 Ashmore, Grace Eulalie, 36, 66 Bacon, Josephine Daskam, 34 Baker, Ella, 123 Beckermann, Anna, 53, 54 Black churches, 150, 154–55, 160 Briesen, Arthur von, 67, 69, 81 Brietbart, Charles H., 128, 133. See also Health examinations; Middle-­ class reformers: and fears of contagion Bronx “slave markets.” See Street corner markets Brown, Bessie, 161, 164 Brown, Jean Collier, 157 Building Services Employees International Union, 147. See also American Federation of Labor; Domestic Workers Union; Unions 242 • index Burrington, Venila S., 88 Burroughs, Nannie Helen, 150 Busch, Ida, 69 Campbell, Helen, 27, 39 Carr, Charlotte, 124 Catholic Church, 29, 58, 87–88. See also Immigrant domestic workers: and Catholicism; Irish immigrants Children’s Bureau, 14, 110, 151 Christian Aid to Employment Society, 81, 95 Christman, Elisabeth, 10, 119, 120, 140 Clara de Hirsch Immigrant Home, 88–90, 91, 92, 93, 98. See also Immigrant homes; Immigration Clemmens, Walter, 167 College Settlement Association, 96 Commissioner of Licenses, 63, 83–84, 114, 148, 202 (nn. 139, 141); and employment agency law, 98, 99, 100, 101–2, 103. See also Kellor, Frances Committee on Street Corner Markets, 123–27, 137 Committee on Workmen’s Compensation for Household Employees, 143 Communist Party, 161, 167, 218 (n. 126) Condon, Mary, 52 Connell, Geraldine, 142, 165 Consumers’ League of New York, 138, 139. See also Middle-­ class reformers; National Consumers’ League Cook, Cara, 120, 124, 143 Cooke, Marvel, 123, 125, 163 Craster, Thomas V., 127, 128, 129. See also Health examinations; Middle-­ class reformers: and fears of contagion; Newark Health Department Craven, Ann Kelly, 54, 58 Crosswaith, Frank, 157 Cusack, Mary Frances, 29, 59 Department of Labor, 14, 110 Deshon, Rev. George, 56, 59 Dodge, Grace, 76, 99 Domestic service: and middle-­ class home, 5–6, 18, 20–24, 27–28, 37, 48, 112–14, 186 (n. 8); statistics, 4, 6, 44, 45, 175, 184 (nn. 11, 12), 219 (n. 3); working conditions, 39–41, 46, 47–49, 122–23, 151, 184 (n. 15). See also African American domestic workers; Domestic Workers Union; Immigrant domestic workers; Labor laws; Unions Domestic Workers Union, 15, 106–7, 120, 126, 142, 147, 148–49, 155–65, 172–73. See also African American domestic workers; Connell, Geraldine; Evans, Nina; Jones, Dora; Women’s Trade Union League: and Domestic Workers Union Domestic Workers United, 175, 181 Dorr, Rheta Childe, 37 Dreier, Margaret. See Robins, Margaret Dreier Dreier, Mary, 10, 98, 105, 139, 171 Eaton, Isabel, 113 Ellis, Benson, 137, 139, 164 Ely, Robert Erskine, 83 Employment agencies, 8, 46, 56, 162; and Frances Kellor, 98–104; as problem for middle-­ class employers, 24, 26, 31, 32; as sites of resistance, 61–63, 70 Employment societies, 94–95, 111–12 Equal Rights Amendment, 109–10 Evans, Nina, 157 Fair Labor Standards Act, 3, 111–12, 126, 136, 151, 175, 176, 178 Father Divine, 154–55 Finnish Bethel Congregational Church and Home for Women, 57 Finnish immigrants, 6, 43–44, 47, 52, 54, 55, 57–58, 194 (n. 90). See also Immigrant domestic workers; Immigration Finnish Woman’s Cooperative Home, 57 Freedman, Blanche, 106, 137 Freja, 57–58 index • 243 Garvey, Marcus, 9 Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 22, 33, 34 Gilroy, Ellen, 60 Gilroy, Thomas F., 68 Godman, Inez, 72, 79 Golden Rule Club, 96 Goodwin, Christina, 27, 30 Great Depression, 119–20, 124, 131, 133, 136–37, 138, 148, 149, 155, 170, 172–73; effect on domestic work, 121–23, 150–53, 158, 163 Great Migration, 4, 8, 14, 99, 113–15, 149 Gurenson, Rose, 166, 167, 169 Haener, Dorothy, 177 Harty, Norabell, 151 Haynes, Elizabeth Ross, 150 Haynes, George Edmund, 113 Health examinations, 9, 15, 107, 127–33, 135–36, 137, 153–54, 165–72. See also Craster, Thomas V.; Middle-­ class reformers: and fears of contagion; Newark Health Department Heany, Mary...