Gender, Sainthood, and Everyday Practice in South Asian Shi’ism

Index

Index ʿAbāʾir al-anwār, 164, 186 (n. 44) ʿAbbas (son of Riaz Fatima), 124 ʿAbbasi, Ghulam, 147–49, 153, 156 ʿAbbas ibn ʿAli ibn Abi Talib (Abu Fazl), 159; hypermasculinity in Arab Shiʿism, 3, 4; sainthood of, 3, 19; ʿalamdar, 4; hagiographical persona in Hyderabad, 4; nurturing role, 4, 9; martyrdom of, 10 ʿAbbasid dynasty, 146 ʿAbbas Sahib, Sayyid, 85–86. See alsoMehndī mourning assembly ʿAbd al-Wahhab, Husain, 82 ʿAbdullah Qutb Shah (king), 85 Abraham, 41 Abu Bakr (first khalīfah), 75, 151 Abu’l-Hasan (Qutb Shahi king), 35 Adam, 42, 43, 79 Al-ʿAdawiyya, Rabiʿa, 72, 79 ʿAdil Shahi dynasty, 106, 183 (n. 36) Afāqīs, 106, 183 (n. 36) Afzal al-Dawlah Bahadur (Nizam), 85 Agha, Maulana Reza, 59; as majlis orator , 59, 86, 109, 169; majlis discourse of, 87–89, 90, 93, 98, 109, 183 (n. 44); portrayal of Fatimah Kubra, 91, 109, 118; and narrative engagement , 92, 109, 110; transvestic voice of, 109 Agniparīkṣā, 96, 97 Ahl-e bait: hagiographical depictions, 3, 17, 101, 115, 170; as culturally relevant figures, 5; imitable sainthood, 5, 14, 28, 163; devotion to, 13, 152, 158; descent from Muhammad, 29–30, 55; embodiment of ḥusaini ethics-wilāyah, 30, 45, 98–99, 101, 105, 130, 134, 135, 137; descent from Fatimah al-Zahra, 30, 55; as model family, 50; as idealized types, 52, 162; as shorthand term, 54; socioethical authority of, 55; as saints, 55, 82; poverty of, 72; in fictive kinship, 142, 160; Arab ethos of, 157, 170 —women of, 5, 15, 80, 83, 115, 136, 186–87 (n. 47); taken captive, 10, 100; as imitable saints, 15, 20, 25, 46, 66, 109, 120; as socioethical exemplars , 25, 46, 49, 109, 120; embodiment of ḥusaini ethics-wilāyah, 31, 46, 58, 93, 103, 108; as model for cultivation of idealized selves, 63, 68, 103; hagiographical depictions , 66; not transvestic, 66; endowed with śakti, 68; as potent figures , 68–69; social engagement, 71; do not subvert patriarchy, 80, 143; agency of, 135–36 Ahl-e kisāʾ, 53 Akhlaq-e moḥsinī, 153 ʿAlam, 89, 106, 121; symbolizing Imams and ahl-e bait, 3, 32, 183 (n. 4); symbolizing ḥusaini ethics-imitable sainthood, 60; procession on ʿāshūrā, 70; emanation of baraka, 122 —of Qasem, 60, 85–86, 122–24, 128– 30; barāt-julūs of, 127, 128; votive offerings to, 128; symbolic dyad, 128–29 Alam, Anwar, 12 Alava-ye Qasem, 85, 86 Alava-ye Sartauq Mubarak, 164 ʿAli ʿAdil Shah I (ʿAdil Shahi king), 107 ʿAli Akbar, 8; martyrdom of, 10 208 | INDEX ʿAli Asghar: thirst of, 4; commemoration in Hyderabad, 10; martyrdom of, 10; embodiment of ḥusaini ethics, 51 ʿAli ibn Abi Talib, 83, 146, 152, 185 (n. 23); as Imam, 7; as member of ahl-e bait, 30; as Muhammad’s successor , 38, 49; transcendent sainthood , 38, 39, 82; esoteric role as Imam, 48; executor (waṣīy) of Muhammad’s teaching, 48; member of ahl-e kisāʾ, 53; member of panjetan-e pāk, 53; Ḥaidar, 54; blood descent through, 56; relationship with Salman al-Farsi, 56; marriage to Fatimah, 73–74 ʿAli Khan, Asaf Jah II (Nizam), 107 Amtul Zahra Begum, 85 ʿAqd-e nikāḥ, 62, 113, 115, 124, 126, 165 Arabic, 54, 102, 105, 157, 170, 182 (n. 32); textual authority, 54, 166 Ardhanarisvara, 67 ʿArsī muṣḥāf, 113 Asaf Jahi dynasty, 85, 107; patronage of Shiʿi institutions, 107, 110; patronage of Shiʿi hagiography, 108, 110 Asghar, Sabiha, 11, 59–63; everyday Shiʿism of, 12; career of, 59, 60, 63; idealized femininity of, 61; attitude toward widowhood, 61; cultivation of idealized self, 61; veneration of Fatimah Kubra and Qasem, 62, 168; marriage of, 62–63 ʿĀshūrā, 9, 69–70 ʿĀshūrkhāna, 3, 10, 13, 60, 85, 86, 89, 106, 107, 121, 122, 128, 152, 164, 177 (n. 9) Astan-e Qods, 15, 146 Astarabadi, Mir Muʾmin, 106 ʿAun (son of Zainab), 8, 58 Aurangzeb (Mughal emperor), 35–36, 107 Ayodhya, 36, 96, 97 Ayyām-e ʿazā, 13, 24, 122 ʿAzakhane-ye Zahra, 85 Bahadur, Mir ʿAlam, 21, 108, 110, 117, 134; strategies of narrative engagement , 110, 119; transvestic voice of, 110; strategies of narrative distancing , 116, 117, 119 Bahmani dynasty, 106, 183 (n. 36) Bahraich, 36, 37, 38 Bait al-Qaʾem, 89 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 94 Baraka, 89 Barāt, 86–87, 123, 165, 183 (n. 44) Bargah-e ʿAbbas, 69 Bayʿah (oath of allegiance), 6, 100, 151...