Blurred Borders: Transnational Migration between the Hispanic Caribbean and the United States

Contents/Tables and Figures

Contents xiii Acknowledgments xvii Abbreviations 1 Introduction Crossing Borders and Boundaries in the Hispanic Caribbean chapter one 17 Rethinking Transnationalism Conceptual, Theoretical, and Practical Problems chapter two 35 In the Entrails of the Monster A Historical Overview of Hispanic Caribbean Migration to the United States chapter three 63 The Contemporary Hispanic Caribbean Diasporas A Comparative Approach chapter four 81 A Transnational Colonial Migration Puerto Rico’s Farm Labor Program chapter five 105 The Orlando Ricans Overlapping Identity Discourses among Middle-Class Puerto Rican Immigrants chapter six 135 Revisiting the Exception The Cuban Diaspora from a Transnational Perspective chapter seven 153 Beyond the Rafters Recent Trends and Projections in Cuban Migration chapter eight 169 Los Países Transnational Migration from the Dominican Republic chapter nine 187 The Dominican Diaspora to Puerto Rico A Transnational Perspective chaper ten 209 Transnational Crossroads The Circulation of People and Money in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic 227 Conclusion How Do Borders Blur? 235 Notes 241 Works Cited 275 Index Tables and Figures tables 2.1 Basic Demographic Features of the Hispanic Caribbean Population in the United States, 2009 36 2.2 Cuban Diaspora to the United States, 1868–2009 40 2.3 Puerto Rican Diaspora to the United States, 1868–2009 50 2.4 Dominican Diaspora to the United States, 1925–2009 56 2.5 Occupational Background of Dominican Immigrants Admitted to the United States, 2003–2008, and Occupational Structure of the Dominican Republic, 2007 61 3.1 Top States for Hispanic Caribbean Residents of the United States, 2009 64 3.2 Top Metropolitan Areas for Hispanic Caribbean Residents of the United States, 2009 65 3.3 Occupational Distribution of Hispanic Caribbean Workers in the United States, 2009 68 3.4 Industrial Distribution of Hispanic Caribbean Workers in the United States, 2009 69 3.5 Basic Socioeconomic Indicators of the Hispanic Caribbean Population of the United States, 2009 70 3.6 Self-Reported Race of Hispanic Caribbean Residents of the United States, 2009 79 5.1 Selected Characteristics of Puerto Ricans in the United States, New York City, and the Orlando-Kissimmee Metropolitan Area, 2009 106 5.2 Race of Puerto Ricans in Central Florida, New York City, the United States, and Puerto Rico, according to the 2000 Census 107 5.3 Characteristics of the Orlando Interview Sample 114 7.1 Occupational Background of Cuban Immigrants Admitted to the United States, 2003–2008, and Cuba’s Occupational Structure, 2008 156 7.2 Cuban Migration to the United States, 1989–2009 157 7.3 Cuban Migration to the United States, Florida, and the Miami Metropolitan Area, 1996–2009 160 7.4 Top Twenty Countries with Population of Cuban Origin Outside Cuba, ca. 2000–2002 161 8.1 Top Twenty Countries with Population of Dominican Origin Outside the Dominican Republic, ca. 2000–2002 173 8.2 Selected Socioeconomic Indicators of the Main Ethnic and Racial Groups in New York City, 2009 178 8.3 Transnational Political Practices of Latinos in the United States, 2002 184 9.1 Regional Origins of the Dominican Population of San Juan, 1987 and 2006 196 9.2 Occupational Distribution of Dominican and Puerto Rican Workers in Puerto Rico, 1970–2009 197 9.3 Industrial Distribution of Dominican and Puerto Rican Workers in Puerto Rico, 1970–2009 198 9.4 Main Dominican Organizations in Puerto Rico, ca. 2000 202 10.1 Basic Characteristics of the Ethnosurvey Samples 216 10.2 Remittances Sent to Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic by Household Heads in the United States 218 10.3 Selected Characteristics of Puerto Rican and Dominican Remittance Senders and Nonsenders 219 10.4 Selected Demographic Characteristics of Puerto Ricans and Dominicans in the United States, 2009 221 10.5 Selected Economic Characteristics of Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, 2008–2009 221 C.1 Basic Types of Transnational Migration from the Hispanic Caribbean 230 figures 2.1 Migration from the Hispanic Caribbean to the United States, 1900–2009 37 2.2 U.S. Residents Born in the Spanish-Speaking Caribbean, 1850–2009 39 3.1 Remittances to the Hispanic Caribbean, 1970–2009 73 4.1 Number of Puerto Ricans Referred by the Farm Labor Program in the United States 88 4.2 Destination of Puerto Rican Farmworkers in the United States, 1963–1987 89 6.1 Telephone Calls from the United States to Cuba, 2000–2008 145 6...