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i n dex Abarca, Silvestre de (royal engineer), 61, 108–9 Aguadores, 42, 44, 46, 48 Aguirre, Francisco de (director of the Asiento), 103–4, 129, 140 Alabama, 5 Alegría, Martín José de (Asiento administrator ), 66, 67 Algeria, 123, 141 Almendares River, 163–66, 168, 170 Altarriba, Miguel de (intendant of Cuba), 61, 65, 66, 68, 80, 81, 109 Anaya, Ignacio de (captain), 23, 25, 28, 33–34, 36 Antigua, 101 Apalachee, 36, 37, 39, 130 Arango y Parreño, Francisco de (Cuban intellectual), 160, 190, 191 Arcos y Moreno, Alonso (governor of Oriente), 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38 Arístegui, José de (director of the Asiento), 103–4, 129, 140 Aristizábal, Gabriel de, 179–80, 182, 186, 188 Armona, José Antonio (administrator of the mail system), 61, 66, 68, 89, 90, 92, 128, 138 Armona, Matías de (brigadier), 178, 180, 184–95, 191, 198 Aróstegui, Martín de (director of the Real Compañía), 10 Aróstegui, Martín Estéban de (governor of Puerto Principe), 29, 33, 47, 52 Arriaga, Julián de (minister of the Indies) 90, 103, 109 Asiento (privilege to import slaves), 10 Asiento, the, 71, 99, 100, 122, 126, 132, 140, 161, 196; formed (1764), 64; and flour trade, 64, 68, 77–78, 95–96, 103–6, 114–15, 126–29, 133–39; and slave trade, 64, 78, 120–21, 131–39, 161; and contraband trade, 76–78; and smallpox, 78, 120–21; reorganized (1773), 103–6; reorganized (1775), 127–29. See also Compañía Gaditana de Negros Ayans y Ureta, Juan de (governor of Oriente), 97, 106, 116–20 Bahama Channel, 24, 47, 92 Bahamas, 56, 57, 76, 96, 126, 151, 156 Bahía Honda, 113, 169 Baltimore, 153, 158, 159 Baracoa, 35, 107, 114, 117, 131 Barbados, 56, 64, 114, 126, 130, 136, 148 Batabanó, 25, 43, 78, 80, 82, 84, 87, 89, 107, 111, 112, 124, 163 Bayajá (Bahiajá), 179, 180–83 Bayamo, 32, 35, 38, 43, 49, 74, 96, 97, 98, 100, 114, 124, 148, 203 Beaumarchais, Pierre Agustín Caron de (director of the Asiento), 128–29, 130, 132, 140 Bejucal, 107 Beltrán de Santa Cruz y Mopox, Joaquín de (Conde de Mopox), 187, 190–91 Biassou, Jorge (black auxiliary), 176, 180 Bilbao, 66, 76, 106, 127 Bonet, Juan Bautista (naval commander), 61, 100, 108–9, 144–46 Bourbon Reforms, 9, 18, 40, 58, 59, 60–64, 83 Bucareli, Antonio María (captain general ), 68, 74, 97, 98, 111, 113, 196, 199, 201; 300 • index mitigation efforts, 71, 72, 83, 87, 89–90, 168, 196; promoted, 99, 99 Cabañas (Oriente), 42, 44, 46, 48 Cabrera, Joaquín de (military officer), 178, 180, 187 Cádiz, 19, 21, 64, 66, 76, 79, 95, 96, 106, 127, 128, 156, 157, 158, 162, 194, 197 Cagigal, Juan Manuel (Marqués de Casa Cagigal, governor of Oriente), 65, 68, 70, 71, 74, 81 Cagigal de la Vega, Francisco Antonio (Marqués de Casa Cagiga, captain general), 26, 27, 34, 36, 37, 38, 44 Calenturas, 18, 22, 45, 46, 52, 54, 170, 183, 186 Calvario, 175 Calvo, Sebastián de (Marqués de Casa Calvo, brigadier), 186–88, 191 Campeche, 23, 42, 87, 98, 117 Cap Français (present-day Cap Haitien), 31, 135, 136, 152, 158. See also Guarico Caracas, 31, 32, 176, 179, 182 Cartagena de Indias, 21, 31, 37, 67, 117, 121 Casabe, 45, 49, 50, 62, 171 Casasola, Gaspar de, 177, 178, 180, 183 Castillo de la Cabaña, 146 Castillo de la Punta, 51, 53 Cathalan, Etienne (merchant), 127, 129–30 Cattle, 10, 29, 30, 44, 45, 46, 56, 98, 148, 162–63 Ceronio, Stephen (factor for Willing and Morris), 134, 135, 136, 139 Charles III (king of Spain), 20, 22, 60, 71, 79, 109, 123, 134, 135, 137, 138, 160, 197, 201; as Enlightened monarch, 12, 195– 96; as wartime monarch, 40, 143, 146, 151; initiates reforms, 58–59, 94, 121–22, 125–29, 140–41, 160, 161, 195–97; ascends to throne, 63; mitigation efforts, 82–83, 89–90; death of, 155, 201 Charles IV (king of Spain), 20, 141, 161, 177, 180, 186–87, 190, 193, 197, 207 Charleston, S.C., 21, 76, 141, 142, 158, 186, 192 Cholera, 54 Chorrera River, 163–67 Climate change, 1, 2, 22, 193, 195 Cojímar River, 109–11, 166–67, 168, 170–71, 175 Compañía Gaditana de Negros, 71, 99, 100, 122...

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