Memories of Conquest: Becoming Mexicano in Colonial Guatemala

Contents/Illustrations

Contents Acknowledgments / ix Note on Terminology / xiii Introduction / 1 1. Indigenous Invasions Mexicans & Maya from Teotihuacan to Tollan / 13 2. Templates of Conquest Warfare & Alliance in the Shadow of Tenochtitlan / 39 3. Indian Conquistadors Conquest & Settlement in Central America / 70 4. The Primacy of Place Ciudad Vieja as Indian Town & Colonial Altepetl / 132 5. Creating Memories Militias, Cofradías, Cabildos, & Compadres / 178 6. Particularly Ladinos Language, Ladinization, & Mexicano Identity / 231 Conclusion / 269 Bibliography / 287 Index / 309 This page intentionally left blank Illustrations, Maps, and Table Illustrations Sihyaj K’ahk’ on Uaxactun Stela 5 in Teotihuacano warrior costume, ca. 378 a.d., and Yaax Nu’n Ahyiin on Tikal Stela 31 in the same costume, ca. 379 a.d. / 24 Warrior costumes provided as tribute to the Aztec empire from the altepetl and dependencies of Tzicoac / 47 Lienzo de Tlaxcala, scene 80, “Ytzcuintepec” (Escuintla, Guatemala) / 65 Mapa de Cuauhtlantzinco or Codice Campos, scene 5 / 67 Lienzo de Quauhquechollan / 74 Title page of Justicia 291, R.1, N.1, “Los yndios mexicanos . . . ” / 76 A Quauhquecholteca woman grinding corn / 91 The alliance between Hernando Cortés and the Quauhquecholteca lords / 94 Jorge de Alvarado leads a Spaniard dressed in Quauhquecholteca warrior costume and four Quauhquecholteca warriors on the road toward Guatemala / 99 Jorge de Alvarado receives information from Quauhquecholteca pochteca / 100 The glyphs for Zapotitlán and Quetzaltenango / 101 Chimaltenango, whose glyph is a round shield topped by a wall / 103 Spanish dogs attacking Kaqchikel at Pochutla while a Spaniard watches / 104 Center portion of the Lienzo de Quauhquechollan / 105 The Cuchumatanes at Tecolotlán, with scenes of fighting / 106 The Pacific coast and the torn border of the lienzo / 107 Figures of the Spaniards Quirijol and Portocarrero from the Baile de la Conquista de Guatemala, as performed in Ciudad Vieja in 2005 / 193 Francisco Cisneros, “Indios de Ciudad Vieja, Guatemala,” ca. 1835 / 246 Eagle warrior from the battle of Tecolotlán / 272 Francisco Cisneros, “Indios de Ciudad Vieja en paseo o fiesta de Sta. Cecilia,” ca. 1835 / 273 Float during the convite (parade) of the festival of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, Ciudad Vieja, Sacatepéquez, 2010 / 277 Maps 1. Classic and Postclassic Mesoamerica / 18 2. The Tenochca Empire / 43 3. Conquest Routes of the Alvarados in Central America / 82 4. Santiago en Almolonga/Ciudad Vieja / 149 Table Tributary Counts (1752) vs. Militia Membership (1777) in Ciudad Vieja / 203 ...