The Making of Black Detroit in the Age of Henry Ford

Index

index Ablewhite, Hayward S., 44, 156 Addes, George, 233–34, 245 African Americans, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 54; and migration, 3, 16–20; and unions, 5, 11, 53, 70, 190, 207, 218; and World War I, 5, 18, 20, 29, 30, 36–38; and communists , 231–32 Allegiance/loyalty, question of, 5, 9–10, 29, 69, 115; and Henry Ford, 4, 5, 6, 8, 38, 53, 150–51, 154–56, 174, 253; and black Detroiters, 4, 5, 6–8, 38, 53, 65– 68, 69, 150–51, 156, 162, 172–75, 251–53; and black ministers, 5, 7–8 Allied political club, 129, 141 Alston, Christopher C., 161–63, 192–93, 204, 233, 238, 249 American Federation of Labor (AFL), 60, 193, 218–19; exclusion of African Americans in, 191–92 Americanization Campaign. See Ford, Henry—new era Americanization Committee of Detroit (ACD), 28, 34 American Plan. See Black Detroiters: and American Plan; Ford, Henry—industrial relations Ashford, James, 161 Associated Charities (AC), 30, 70 Associated Negro Press, 107 Association of Catholic Trade Unionists, 234, 305 (n. 101) Baber, Rev. George W., 202–3 Bagnall, Rev. Robert, 74–75 Baltimore, William, 236 Baptist Ministers Conference, 247 Bennett, Harry, 52, 57; and Frank Murphy , 133; and labor relations at FMC, 142, 160, 163–64, 174, 194, 200, 210–11, 215, 225, 232, 243. See also Ford Motor Company: Battle of the Overpass; Ford Hunger March; Ford Motor Company: Service Department Bethel A.M.E. Church, 56, 178, 183, 229 Billups, Joseph, 124, 177, 204; on UAW, 223, 236; and NNC local, 238–40, 243 Billups, Rose, 177, 204, 226 Black Bottom, 6, 10, 33–34, 66, 69, 72, 79, 89, 94–95, 99, 129, 151, 172; as ghetto, 95–97, 101, 112–14; Traveler’s Aid Society , 99 Black Detroit: 5, 9; settlement process in, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 30–34, 36–38, 66–68, 72, 248, 255; population, 6, 16, 30, 82, 93; jobs for women in, 67 Black Detroiters: and Henry Ford, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 37, 69, 90–91, 115, 162, 144–45, 162, 246–48, 251–52, 255–56; and American Dream, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 29, 54; expectations of, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 17, 69, 251; and American Plan, 4, 11, 12, 41, 46–53, 68, 115, 248, 252–53; and Frank Murphy, 7, 83–88, 115, 128–30, 145, 201, 252; FMC ties to, 8, 12, 37–39, 57, 65–68, 145, 226, 246–47, 252; and communists, 9, 124, 231; political participation of, 10, 38, 68, 69, 80, 83–91, 126–30, 137–43, 145, 183, 246–49, 252–55; surveillance 336 index of, 57, 151, 154–56, 226; political networks of, 69, 115, 124, 129–30, 172–86 passim, 231, 255; and Marcus Garvey, 69–70, 124; old guard, 70, 223, 228, 229–30; and KKK, 83; and Democratic Party, 87, 179–82; and housing, 92–114; and Great Depression, 123–24, 145, 160–63, 172–74; and New Deal, 187–89, 200; new crowd, 194–98, 199, 224, 254; and unions, 208, 235 —black vote: 1920, 79–80; 1923, 80–87; 1930, 128–29; 1931, 141–43 Black Ford workers: and unions, 5, 6, 8, 9, 60, 200, 238–40, 242; and loyalty, 5, 6, 37–38, 54, 60, 68, 72, 219, 224, 229, 251, 254; and economic opportunity, 6, 10, 37–38, 39, 42, 54, 57, 60, 69, 72, 172, 248, 251; surveillance of, 56–57, 165, 200, 213–14, 225, 253; and white Ford workers , 63–64; and foundry, 64–65, 165–67, 214–15, 248, 253–54; and Marcus Garvey , 69, 70, 72; and Great Depression, 172–73; and UAW, 200, 207–8, 216–18, 222, 234, 246–49, 254; and Ford strike, 245–46. See also American Federation of Labor; Ford, Henry—industrial relations ; Ford Hunger March Black freedom struggle, 5, 10, 12, 18–20, 54, 68, 69, 72, 90–91, 115, 172–73, 256; and World War I, 18, 29–30, 36–38, 41; and Sweet case, 111, 113–15; and unions, 241, 246–49, 255–56 Black ministers, 54–57 Black urbanization, 11, 74, 112–13; and housing, 32–34; and new crowd, 180 Bledsoe, Geraldine, 181, 201, 203, 243, 249 Bledsoe, Harold, 180, 193, 243 Blount, Louis C., 196, 201, 230 Boatin, Paul, 219 Booker T. Washington Trade Association (BTWTA), 178, 183, 194 Bowles, Charles S., mayoral campaigns of, 88–90, 105–6, 109, 122–23...