Health Rights Are Civil Rights: Peace and Justice Activism in Los Angeles, 1963–1978

Notes

• 249 • Introduction 1. A note on racial and ethnic terms: I capitalize Black and Brown to signal that Blackness and Brownness have been claimed as part of political projects of identification. This usage also disturbs the idea that race somehow originates in “black” and “brown” skin color rather than skin color being used to naturalize racism and white supremacy. The term Anglo is used commonly in the southwest United States to refer to English-speaking white people who do not identify as Latino. 2. Starr, The Social Transformation of American Medicine, 336. 3. “A.M.A. View Decried in Tobacco Dispute,” New York Times, March 20, 1964; Harold M. Schmeck, “Firm A.M.A. Stand on Tobacco Urged,” New York Times, June 23, 1964; Washington, Medical Apartheid. 4. Cornely, “Segregation and Discrimination,” 1081. 5. Hoffman, The Politics of Knowledge; Dittmer, The Good Doctors. 6. Smith, Bentel, and Schwartz, The Free Clinic. 7. Health Policy Advisory Center, The American Health Empire; Ehrenreich, The Cultural Crisis of Modern Medicine. 8. Williams, “The Frontier Thesis and American Foreign Policy,” 395. 9. Krupar, Hot Spotter’s Report. 10. Aronow, Ervin, and Sidel, The Fallen Sky. 11. Geyer, “The Militarization of Europe, 1914–1945,” 79. 12. Enloe, The Curious Feminist, 145. 13. Geyer, “The Militarization of Europe”; Lutz, “Making War at Home in the United States.” 14. Patterson, Slavery and Social Death; Gilmore, “Fatal Couplings of Power and Difference.” 15. Lotchin, Fortress California. 16. Markusen, Hall, et al., The Rise of the Gunbelt, 84. 17. Graham, “Postmortem City,” 191. 18. Light, From Warfare to Welfare; Graham, “Postmortem City”; Farish, The Contours of America’s Cold War. 19. Farish, The Contours of America’s Cold War, 236. Notes 20. James O’Connor, The Fiscal Crisis of the State, 231. 21. Lassiter, The Silent Majority, 5, 7. 22. Loyd, “‘Peace Is Our Only Shelter,’” 847. 23. Enloe, Does Khaki Become You?; Enloe, Bananas, Beaches, and Bases; Loyd, “‘War Is Not Healthy’”; Loyd, “‘Peace Is Our Only Shelter’”; Riley and Inayatullah , Interrogating Imperialism; Andrea Smith, Conquest; Young, “The Logic of Masculinist Protection.” 24. Pulido, “Rethinking Environmental Racism,” 30; Markusen, Hall, et al., The Rise of the Gunbelt, 250–51. 25. Elaine May, Homeward Bound. 26. Loyd, “‘A Microscopic Insurgent’”; Loyd, “‘War Is Not Healthy’”; Farish, “Creating Cold War Climates.” 27. Loyd, “‘War Is Not Healthy.’” 28. Pulido, “Rethinking Environmental Racism,” 15. Also see Soja, Postmodern Geographies; Law, Wolch, and Takahashi, The Future of Technopolis. 29. The literature on the production of social and health inequalities is vast. For a select reading of sources from a range of disciplines that have influenced my thinking, particularly in relation to the spatiality of health inequalities, see Greenberg and Schneider, “Violence in American Cities”; Farmer, Infections and Inequalities ; Farmer, Pathologies of Power; Wilkinson, Unhealthy Societies; Craddock, City of Plagues; Kawachi and Kennedy, The Health of Nations; Wailoo, Dying in the City of Blues; Wallace and Wallace, A Plague on Your Houses; Curtis, Health and Inequality. 30. PSR, “Military Tour.” 31. Galtung, “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research,” 171. 32. Ibid., 168. 33. Haynes, “The Gap in Health Status”; Byrd and Clayton, An American Health Dilemma, 354. 34. Stuart Hall, “Race, Articulation, and Societies Structured in Dominance”; Gilmore, “Fatal Couplings of Power and Difference.” 35. Gilmore, “Race and Globalization,” 261. 36. Cited by Avery Gordon, “Some Thoughts on the Utopian,” 124. 37. Ibid., 125. 38. Ibid. 39. Foucault, The History of Sexuality. 40. Foucault, “Body/Power,” 56. 41. The Black Panther: Black Community News Service, June 14, 1969. 42. Neil Smith, “Contours of a Spatialized Politics.” 43. Foucault, The Birth of the Clinic. 44. Zola, “Medicine as an Institution of Social Control.” 250 NOTES TO INTRODUCTION 45. Tesh, Hidden Arguments; Klawiter, The Biopolitics of Breast Cancer; Ehlers and Krupar, “The Body in Breast Cancer”; Krupar, “The Biopsic Adventures of Mammary Glam.” 46. Crawford, “Healthism and the Medicalization of Everyday Life.” 1. Urban Geopolitics and the Fight for “Equal Justice in Health Care Now” 1. “Ribicoff Raps Race Prejudice.” Robert C. Toth, “Ribicoff Asks End of Medical Bias,” New York Times, July 9, 1963. The title quotation is from Cobb, “Hospital Integration in the United States,” 334. 2. Stevens, In Sickness and in Wealth. 3. Kurashige, The Shifting Grounds of Race. 4. Avila, Popular Culture in an Age of White Flight; McWilliams, Southern California. 5. Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights. 6. Sherry, In the Shadow of War; Andrea Smith, Conquest. 7. Cowen and...