Commemorating and Forgetting: Challenges for the New South Africa

Notes

Preface 1. Lynn Meskell, “Trauma Culture: Remembering and Forgetting in the New South Africa,” in Memory, Trauma, and World Politics: Reflections on the Relationship between PastandPresent,ed.DuncanBell(NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan,2010),157–75,esp.158. 2. Andreas Huyssen, Twilight Memories: Marking Time in a Culture of Amnesia (New York: Routledge, 1995), 249. 3. Meskell, “Trauma Culture,” 157–75, esp. 158. For a wider view, see Carina Perelli, “Memoria de Sangre: Fear, Hope, and Disenchantment in Argentina,” in Remapping Memory:ThePoliticsofTimespace,ed.JonathanBoyarin(Minneapolis:UniversityofMinnesota Press, 1994), 39, 49–50. 4. See Andreas Huyssen, Present Pasts: Urban Palimpsests and the Politics of Memory (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), 95. 5. Melissa Tandiwe Myambo, “Capitalism Disguised as Democracy: A Theory of ‘Belonging,’ Not Belongings, in the New South Africa,” Comparative Literature 63, no. 1 (2011): 63–85. 6. Iwona Irwin-Zarecka, Frames of Remembrance: The Dynamics of Collective Memory (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1994), 7–8. 7. The literature is extensive, but see Meskell, “Trauma Culture,” 157–75. 8. Svetlana Boym, The Future of Nostalgia (New York: Basic Books, 2001), xviii. Introduction 1. Albie Sachs, “Preparing Ourselves for Freedom,” in Writing South Africa: Literature , Apartheid, and Democracy, 1970–1995, ed. Derek Attridge and Rosemary Jolly (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 239–48 (239). notes 223 224 notes to introduction 2. Neville Alexander, An Ordinary Country: Issues in the Transition from Apartheid to Democracy in South Africa (Durban: University of Natal Press, 2002), 81–110. 3. JohnGillis,“Introduction,”inCommemorations:ThePoliticsofNationalIdentity,ed. Gillis (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), 3. For the concept of “structure of feeling,”seeRaymondWilliams,TheLongRevolution(NewYork:HarperandRow,1961). 4. Annie Coombes, History after Apartheid: Visual Culture and Public Memory in a Democratic South Africa (Durham: Duke University Press, 2003), 1–17, esp. 7; Martin Hall, “Social Archaeology and the Theaters of Memory,” Journal of Social Archaeology 1, no. 1 (2001): 50–61; and JoAnn McGregor and Lyn Shoemaker, “Heritage in Southern Africa: Imagining and Marketing Public Culture and History,” Journal of Southern African Studies 32, no. 4 (2006): 649–65. 5. Lynn Meskell and Collette Scheermeyer, “Heritage as Therapy: Set Pieces from the New South Africa,” Journal of Material Culture 13, no. 2 (2008): 153–73, esp. 154. 6. See Omer Bartov, “Defining Enemies, Making Victims: Germans, Jews, and the Holocaust,” American Historical Review 103, no. 3 (1998): 771–816, esp. 773. 7. Marita Sturken, Tangled Memories: The Vietnam War, the AIDS Epidemic, and the Politics of Memory (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1997), 43. 8. For an excellent review of recent literature on memory studies, see Karen Till, “Memory Studies,” History Workshop Journal 62 (2006): 325–41. 9. For the source of this phrase, see Bruce Braun, “Colonialism’s Afterlife: Vision and Visuality on the Northwest Coast,” Cultural Geographies 9 (2002): 202–47 (203). 10. Sturken,TangledMemories,43.SeealsoRichardTerdiman,PresentPast:Modernity and the Memory Crisis (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993); and Huyssen, Present Pasts, 139. 11. See Carina Perelli, “The Power of Memory and the Memory of Power,” in Repression, Exile, and Democracy: Uruguayan Culture, ed. Saúl Sosnowski and Louise Popkin (Durham: Duke University Press, 1993), 147–59, esp. 153. 12. David Berliner, “The Abuses of Memory: Reflections on the Memory Boom in Anthropology,” Anthropological Quarterly 78, no. 1 (2005): 197–211; Wulf Kansteiner, “FindingMeaninginMemory:AMethodologicalCritiqueofCollectiveMemoryStudies,” HistoryandTheory41(2002):179–97;KerwinLeeKlein,“OntheEmergenceofMemory in Historical Discourse,” Representations 69, no. 1 (2000): 127–50; Johannes Fabin, “Remembering the Other: Knowledge and Recognition in the Exploration of Central Africa,” Critical Enquiry 26 (1999): 49–69; Barbie Zelizer, “Reading the Past against the Grain:TheShapeofMemoryStudies,”CriticalStudiesinMassCommunication12(1995): 214–39; and Susannah Radstone, Memory and Methodology (New York: Berg, 2000). 13. Duncan Bell, “Mythscapes: Memory, Mythology, and National Identity,” British Journal of Sociology 54, no. 1 (2003): 63–81, esp. 65. notes to introduction 225 14. Klein, “On the Emergence of Memory in Historical Discourse,” 128. 15. Kansteiner, “Finding Meaning in Memory,” 179–97; Klein, “On the Emergence of Memory in Historical Discourse,” 127–50; Jonathan Boyarin, Remapping Memory: ThePoliticsofTimeSpace(Minneapolis:UniversityofMinnesotaPress,1994),23;Gillis, “Memory and Identity: The History of a Relationship,” in Commemorations, ed. Gillis, 3–27; Allan Megill, “History, Memory, Identity,” History of the Human Sciences 11, no. 3 (1998): 37–62. 16. Bell, “Mythscapes,” 71. 17. Klein, “On the Emergence of Memory in Historical Discourse,” esp. 145. See Bell, “Mythscapes,” 71. 18. Bell, “Mythscapes,” 64. 19. Pamuela Shurmer-Smith, “Review of Casablanca...