Package Deal: Marriage, Work And Fatherhood In Men'S Lives

Appendix 2

Appendix 2 Bibliographic Essay The purpose of this essay is threefold. First, it acknowledges more general intellectual debts than are specified in the citations to the text. Second, for readers who are familiar with the literature, it situates my work. And third, for readers who are unfamiliar with existing debates, it points the way to classic , contemporary, and review sources. The contributions of feminist anthropologists have been vital to work on gender in general. The collections edited by Rayna Reiter (1975) and by Michelle Rosaldo and Louise Lamphere (1974) had an enormous impact when they were published, many of the essays have continued to reverberate over the subsequent twenty-five years, and many of their authors have been influential researchers and theorists. Louise Lamphere (2001) has neatly summarized the contributions and limitations of the early formulations of the dichotomy between private and public spheres and examined the impact of feminist anthropology (1987). In an examination of the daily activities of women and men in antebellum New England, Karen Hansen (1994) described the social as a distinct sphere of interaction that cuts across the distinction between private and public. The introductions by Micaela di Leonardo (1991) to Gender at the Crossroads of Knowledge and by Sylvia Yanagisako and Jane Collier (1987) to Gender and Kinship make important theoretical contributions while surveying the historical development of the field. Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective, a collection edited by Caroline Brettell and Carolyn Sargent (2001) includes both classic and contemporary work and provides an overview of anthropological work on gender. Basic insights and theoretical positions that have informed subsequent thinking about motherhood and fatherhood were developed in Nancy Chodorow’s The Reproduction of Mothering (1978), Patricia Hill Collins’s Black Feminist Thought (1990: 115–37), Adrienne Rich’s Of Woman Born (1976), Barbara Katz Rothman’s Recreating Motherhood (1989), and Sara Ruddick’s Maternal Thinking (1989). Among the important recent studies are Anita Garey’s Weaving Work and Motherhood (1999), Sharon Hays’s The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood (1996), and Martha McMahon’s Engendering Motherhood (1995). The diversity of mothers’ experiences within the context of a hegemonic cultural view of motherhood is captured in the essays in Mothering against the Odds (Garcia Coll, Surrey , and Weingarten 1998) and Mothering: Ideology, Experience, and Agency (Glenn, Chang, and Forcey 1994). 211 Studies of fatherhood that have recognized the importance of these gendered formulations of motherhood include Terry Arendell’s Fathers and Divorce (1995), which investigated fatherhood and the “masculinist discourse” of rights through the ruptures created by divorce; Scott Coltrane’s Family Man (1996), which focused on new fathers and gender equity in the United States; Kathleen Gerson’s No Man’s Land (1993); and Matthew Gutmann’s The Meanings of Macho (1996), which examined the variety and complexity of men’s fatherhood in Mexico City. Coltrane’s Gender and Families (1998a) provides a thorough and accessible introduction and review of a wide range of the literature. A great deal of the recent research on fathers, particularly the contributions from psychology and sociology, is reviewed in the chapters in Alan Booth and Ann Crouter’s collection Men in Families (1998), William Marsiglio’s Fatherhood (1995), and in Tamis-LeMonda and Cabrera’s Handbook of Father Involvement (forthcoming). The overwhelming orientation of this literature is on the impact fathers have on children through their presence or absence and through the nature of their involvement in children’s lives. Barry Hewlett’s Intimate Fathers (1991) is a detailed description of fatherhood in a small-scale society, and Hewlett’s volume on father–child interactions surveys the biosocial approach within anthropology (1992). Research on the history of fatherhood has been particularly important to a recognition that the meaning of fatherhood to fathers and their societies changes and is constructed in the context of changing social and economic circumstances and changing definitions of gender. Several influential overviews and theoretical models have proposed mechanisms driving change and have sketched a series of stages in the history of fatherhood in the United States (Demos 1986; Lamb 1986; Mintz 1998; Pleck 1987; Rotundo 1985; Stearns 1991). These have been elaborated and modified in fuller histories of masculinity (Kimmel 1996; Rotundo 1993) and fatherhood (Griswold 1993) and supplemented by historical studies of particular stages and transitions (Carnes 1989; LaRossa 1997). Attention to fatherhood as a gendered activity has proceeded as one aspect of a research and political project to examine men and masculinity as gendered. Erving Goffman (1977) recognized that symbolic interactionism as a...