Hope Is Cut: Youth, Unemployment, and the Future in Urban Ethiopia

Index

Index Abba Jifar ii, 27–28 Abdul Karim, 30 abjection, 2 Abu-lughod, lila, 51, 54 Addis Ababa, 27 adegeñña bozeni (dangerous/criminal unemployed youth), 64 afkala (Oromo traders), 29 Afwerk, 70, 100–108, 111, 117–118, 175n4 Ahmed, 123–124 Alemu, 49, 56–57, 128, 130 Al-moudi, mohammed, 34 ambitions. See aspirations Amhara: hierarchy and Orthodox Christianity and, 96; land grants to, 30; occupations among, 28, 31–32; and patron/client relationship , 95–98; unemployment among, 35 Amharic, 33 amro yikefetal (opening of the mind), 56 antisocial accumulation, 98 Appadurai, Arjun, 43, 50 arada qwanqwa (urban slang), 109 arrif (cool), 104, 109 Arusha, 109 aspirations: in African youth generally, 2–3; consumer-based, 69–70; and decreased opportunities, 3–4, 88–89, 112, 131; desires to be modern, 8–10; education and, 33, 67–68, 72–73, 75–76; and expectations of government jobs, 4, 35–36, 75, 131; and imagination, 54–55, 59–60; leading to frustration, 47, 67; leading to reevaluation of work, 160, 163; and masculine ideals, 88; and social relationships, 13–14, 69, 77–78, 84, 151; spatial strategies to achieve, 10–11, 136, 139, 140, 150–152; among working youth, 71, 118 assab (thought), 46 Ato Bashu, 70–71 Ato seifu, 63 Ato uta, 74 baking, 71, 124 barbers, 40, 102–104 bargaining/haggling, 105, 106 Bazenguissa-Ganga, remy, 138–139 Bekele, 116 Berhanu, 45, 124 Beti, 91 bicycle rentals, 106, 118 bicycle repair, 70, 101–102, 163 bizness (material support), 53 Bjeren, Gunilla, 31 blacksmithing, 29, 92 Bohannan, paul, 89 Boli, John, 76 Bond, James, 51 boredom, 82–83 Bourdieu, pierre, 12, 84, 88, 112, 127, 131 brewing, home, 71 buda (evil eye), 29 bus station work, 93, 102, 124–125 188 Index cafés, 121–122 Cameroon, 91 capitalism, 15–17, 130–132, 164–169 carpentry, 29, 92 car washing, 150 certificates, exam, 74 Chan, Jackie, 51 chewata (play), 6, 60 chewing. See khat chickens, living like, 67 children, goals of raising, 69, 79–81, 85, 144, 160, 163 Christians: greater opportunities for, 31–33, 41; and hierarchy, 96; and holidays, 148; and khat use, 6, 55; and reciprocity, 118 city, definition of, 26 Clarke, John, 172n5 class: and consumption, 90, 91; and cultures of waiting, 46; and gift income, 123–127, 134; government work as transcending, 95; in Jimma City, 27–32, 36–38; and leisure activities, 6; neoliberalism and, 16; portrayal in ethiopian film, 53; private education and, 174–175n3; in revolutionary urban ethiopia, 32–33; self-perpetuation of, 88; and status, 11–13; vs. status, 91, 93–94, 112; and unrealistic aspirations, 88–89; working-class youths, 88 coffee, 6, 30–34, 166 Cole, Jennifer, 3, 65, 122 Comaroff, Jean and John, 2 Coming Anarchy, The (Kaplan), 162 commodity exchange, 98 Congo, 137 cost of living, 161 Côte d’ivoire, 138 craft workers, 28–29, 92–93, 97. See also vocational students Crapanzano, vincent, 137 cultural styles and prestige, 109, 127 Dakar, 46 Dawro, 30, 31, 40 day laborers, 40, 41 debirt (depression), 175n6 Demerath, peter, 73 demibeña relationships, 97–98 Derg regime, 9, 29, 32–33, 41, 76, 132, 136 Desta, 163–164 diploma disease/inflation, 75 disconnection, 2 discursive sustainability of hope, 156 Diversity visa lottery, 83, 136–139 domestic servants, 40, 41, 141–142, 167 Donham, Donald, 8–9 downsizing of public sector, 34, 131–133, 166–167 duriye, 61–62, 65–66, 109 Dyson, Jane, x economic maximization, 87, 175n1 economic restructuring, 8 economic sustainability of hope, 156 economy of practices, 127 education: annual exam as lottery, 159; degree as source of status, 174n2; and expectations of progress, 71–77, 157–159; free public, 32–33; homogenizing effects of, 76; inflation of, 71, 75; and job availability, 5, 33; linearity of, 77; private schools, 74, 81, 174–175n3; reenrollment in, 158–159; and unemployment rate, 35 ehjebena (eye-opener/morning khat), 101 elections of 2005 and 2010, 35 ellison, James, 181 english language, 52, 74 eprDF (ethiopian people’s revolutionary Democratic Front) policies, 33–35 eslCe (ethiopian school leaving Certificate examination), 74–75 ethiopia: from late 1800s to 1974, 27–32; agriculture in, historically, 114; desires to leave, 150–151; ethnicity and identity in, 176n5; map of, viii; postrevolutionary, 33–36; poverty ranking of, 8; revolutionary, 32–33; views of culture in, 146–147. See also Jimma ethiopian films, 52–54 ethnic federalism, 35 ethnicity: and education, 5, 9, 32, 42; and employment, 35; and “ethiopian culture,” 176n5; and iddir membership...