The First Suburban Chinatown: The Remaking of Monterey Park, California

Notes

NOTES Introduction 1. U.S. Bureau of the Census, "Monterey Park, City, California," 1990 Census of Population and Housing Summary Tape File 1, May 13, 1991. 2. Kurt Anderson, "The New Ellis Island: Immigrants from All Over Change the Beat, Bop, and Character of Los Angeles," Time, June 13, 1983, p. 21. 3. Several newspapers have incorrectly cited this honor as the "AllAmerican " award. According to the official entry form, the term is "All-America." 4. Mike Ward, "Language Rift in 'All-American City,''' Los Angeles Times, November 13,1985; Gordon Dillow, "Why Many Drivers Tremble on the Streets of Monterey Park," Los Angeles Herald, July 8, 1985; "English Spoken Here, OK?" Time, August 25,1985. 5. Monterey Park City Council Minutes, June 2, 1986. 6. Mike Ward, "Racism Charged over Monterey Park Vote," Los Angeles Times, July 15, 1986; Ray Babcock, '''Sanctuary' Resolution Stays," Monterey Park Progress, July 16, 1986; Evelyn Hsu, "Influx of Asians Stirs Up L.A. Area's 'Little Taipei,''' San Francisco Chronicle, August 1,1986. 7. See Jose Calderon, "Latinos and Ethnic Conflict in Suburbia: The Case of Monterey Park," Latino Studies Journal 1 (May 1990): 23-32; John Horton, "The Politics of Ethnic Change: Grass-Roots Re~ponse to Economic and Demographic Restructuring in Monterey Park, California," Urban Geography 10 (1989): 578-92; Don Nakanishi, "The Next Swing Vote? Asian Pacific Americans and California Politics," in Racial and Ethnic Politics in California, ed. Bryan O. Jackson and Michael D. Preston (Berkeley: University of California, Institute of Governmental Studies, 1991), pp. 25-54; Mary Pardo, "Identity and Resistance: Latinas and Grass-Roots Activism in Two Los Angeles Communities" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 1990); Leland Saito, "Politics in a New Demographic Era: Asian Americans in Monterey Park, California" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 1992); Charles Choy Wong, "Monterey Park: A Community in Transition" in Frontiers ofAsian American Studies, ed. Gail M. Nomura, Russell Endo, Stephen H. Sumida, and Russell Leong (Pullman: Washington State University Press, 1989), pp. 113-26; Charles Choy Wong, "Ethnicity, Work, and Community: The Case of Chinese in Los Angeles" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 1979). 179 180 NOT E S 8. US. Commission on Civil Rights, The Economic Status ofAmericans of Asian Descent: An Exploratory Investigation, Publication no. 95 (Washington, D.C.: Clearinghouse, 1988), p. 109. 9. See Marshall Kilduff, "A Move to Ease Racial Tensions in S.F. Neighborhood," San Francisco Chronicle, August 11, 1986; Tim Fong, "The Success Stereotype Haunts Asian-Americans," Sacramento Bee, July 4,1987; David Reyes, "'Asiantown' Plan Taking Shape in Westminster," Los Angeles Times, March 22,1987; "Chinese Enclaves Abound in New York," Asian Week, October 3, 1986; Kevin P. Helliker, "Chinatown Sprouts in and near Houston with Texas Flavor," Wall StreetJournal, February 18,1983; "$50 Million 'Orlando Chinatown' Features Hotel-Retail Complex and 30 Restaurants," AmeriAsian News, March-April 1987; Russell Spurr, "Why Asians Are Going Down Under," San Francisco Chronicle, December 7, 1988; Howard Witt, "British Columbia's Anti-Asian Feelings Suddenly Surface," Chicago Tribune, February 5,1989. 10. US. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1989 Statistical Yearbook ofthe Immigration and Naturalization Service (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1990), p. xiv. 11. In June 1982 Vincent Chin, a Chinese American draftsman, was beaten to death by a Chrysler Motors supervisor and his stepson. One of the assailants was alleged to have yelled, "It's because of you motherfuckers we're out of work." The two men later confessed to the crime, were fined $3,780 each, and placed on three years' probation. Neither spent a day in jail. See Ronald Takaki, Strangers from a Different Shore (Boston: Little, Brown, 1989), p. 481. 12. US. Commission on Civil Rights, Recent Activities against Citizens and Residents ofAsian Descent Publication no. 88 (Washington, D.C.: Clearinghouse, 1986), p. 3. 13. Mary Roberts Coolidge, Chinese Immigration (New York: Henry Holt, 1909); Alexander Saxton, The Indispensable Enemy: Labor and the AntiChinese Movement in California (Berkeley: University of California •Press, 1971). 14. Stuart Creighton Miller, The Unwelcome Immigrant: The American Image of the Chinese, 1785-1882 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969); Robert McClellen, The Heathen Chinee: A Study ofAmerican Attitudes toward China, 1890-1905 (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1971). 15. Gunther Barth, Bitter Strength: A History ofthe Chinese in the United States, 1850-1870 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1964). 16. E.g., Rose Hum Lee, The Chinese in the United States ofAmerica (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University...