The American Dream in the 21st Century

Index

Index Abt SRBI public opinion poll, 11, 15 Achievement of American Dream: in Bush administration, 11; gender differences in beliefs on, 13, 83, 85–86, 87–89, 95–97, 145, 147; government role in, 88–89, 116, 130–132, 138; in hard work (see Hard work, achievement of American Dream in); nonbelievers in, 107, 110– 111, 112; optimism about (see Optimism ); in playing by the rules, 6, 12, 119, 138, 139; reasons for belief in or rejection of, 111–112; recent economic downturn affecting, 5–6, 11–12, 43, 141, 146–147; reduced expectations on, 11, 108–109; relationship of education, occupation, and income in, 137; religious differences in beliefs on, 126–130; Roosevelt on, 4; Secular Spiritualists beliefs on, 107–110 Adams, James Truslow, 3–4, 5, 8, 9, 49, 117, 135 Afghanistan, 117, 128 African Americans, 21; gender and poverty of, 80; inequality for, 20, 38; laws against citizenship of, 62; mortgage loan crisis affecting, 71, 144; and Obama election, 1, 41, 42, 55, 71; percentage of U.S. population , 69; and promise of American Dream, 1; residential segregation of, 59– 75 (see also Residential segregation); viewed as problem, 64, 65n–66n, 67; voting rights of, 119, 131, 132, 138 Alabama, 70 Alter, Jonathan, 46 American Association for Public Opinion Research, 82, 82n The American Dream: A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation (Cullen), 27n The American Dream and the Power of Wealth (Johnson), 97 American Revolution, 21 Anna, Illinois, 69 Antin, Mary, 49, 50 Anti-Semitism, 67 Are We Rome? The Fall of an Empire and the Fate of America (Murphy), 19n Arizona, 70 Arkansas, 64 Asian Americans, 55, 68 Attitudes toward American Dream, 106– 116; of Deferred Dreamers, 107, 114; of Dreamless Dead, 107, 111, 115; gender differences in, 13, 83, 85–86, 87–89, 95–97, 145, 147; in Great Depression, 3–4, 12, 29–31, 118–119; optimism in (see Optimism); in recent economic downturn, 6, 11–12, 43, 114, 128–130; 152 ■ Index Attitudes toward American Dream (continued): religious differences in, 126–130; of Secular Spiritualists, 107– 110, 111, 114; of Traditional Materialists , 107, 114 The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream (Obama), 12, 22, 41, 54 Baltimore Sun, 52 Baseball, black players in, 61, 64n Bauer, Catherine, 59 Biden, Joseph, 11, 12 Bigelow, Matt, 134 Bontemps, Arna, 67 Boorstin, Daniel, 49 Boston College, 122 Boston Evening Glove, 51 Bourgeois Nightmares (Fogelson), 66 Brokaw, Tom, 117, 146 Bryce, James, 46 Burnham, Walter Dean, 46 Bush, Barbara, 47 Bush, George H. W., 47, 54 Bush, George W., 23, 143; attainability of American Dream during administration of, 11; Dukakis losing to, 54; embracing American Dream, 48; limited connection to American Dream, 34–35; and Obama election, 41, 42, 56; optimism of, 34–35; Powell in administration of, 73; second inaugural address of, 49 Butler, Pierce, 45 Caesar, Julius, 18, 23 California, 54, 55, 60, 62, 67 Cannon, Lou, 46–47 Carbondale, Illinois, 69 Carter, Jimmy, 28, 31–32, 33, 48, 98, 143 Casson, Lionel, 19n Catalina’s Riddle (Saylor), 18n Catholic Identity Index, 125n Catholic University of America, 122 Catholics, 117–139, 146; beliefs on role of government, 130–132, 134, 135; discrimination against, 52, 125; identity of, 125, 125n; as immigrants, 50–51, 52, 121; and Kennedy presidential campaign, 51–52; perceptions of American Dream, 126–130; religious behavior and attitudes of, 124–125; school system established by, 121–124, 136–137, 146; sexual abuse scandal affecting, 118, 123, 128; and Smith presidential campaign, 50–51; social justice concerns of, 125, 134–137, 138, 139, 146; in suburban areas, 122, 123, 146 CBS News public opinion polls, 6, 8, 9, 13, 128–130 Center on African American Politics and Society, 71 Chesterton, G. K., 9 Chevy Chase, Maryland, 72 Children: African American, 80; in oneparent families, 80; optimism on future of, 89, 90; in poverty, 80; residential segregation affecting, 69 Chinese Americans, 62 Churchill, Winston, 29, 115–116 Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 18, 18n Cincinnati Enquirer, 52 Civil rights, 9, 20 Civil Rights Act (1964), 70, 79 Clinton, Bill, 33–34, 35, 41; definition of American Dream, 6; as example of American Dream, 34; imagery on American Dream, 47–48; influence of Reagan on, 28; optimism of, 28; on role of government, 28, 28n, 34 Clinton, Hillary, 38, 119 Cognitive dissonance, 64n Colleges, Catholic, 122, 124, 136–137 Columbus, Christopher, 63 Computer-aided telephone interviews, 100 Conroy, Jack, 67 Conservatives: nonbelievers in American Dream as, 112; Reagan as, 32...