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Index
- Temple University Press
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abduction language, 150–153 abduction scandal (Haiti), 1–2, 5 abortion rights, 104 acceptableness of transracial adoption, 54–55, 99–100 “Act to Provide for the Adoption of Children, An” (Mass., 1851), 115–116 adjustment, adoptee, 64 Adopted for Life: The Priority of Adoption for Christian Families and Churches, 13 Adopted Territory (Kim), 182n3 (ch. 3) adoptees, Korean: activism among, 47, 82–86, 133–134, 140–142, 173, 178; ambivalent feelings of, 129; and birth family searches, 133– 141, 146, 172, 178; and color-blind approach to racism, 67–73; dating, 92–93; effect of stranger adoption on, 120, 123; effects of experiencing diversity on, 81–82, 87–92; and feelings about birth parents, 118–122; and formation of ethnic identity, 72–73, 138; and imposition of gratitude, 126–132, 168; keeping or changing name, 133–134; meeting other Asians, 82–83, 85–86, 170; and mixed feelings about activism, 83–84, 89; and navigation around kinship, 122–123; and navigation around race, 76–77, 92, 95, 96–97; and nonadopted Korean Americans, 177–178; “othered,” 122; preadoption memories of, 123–133; public nature of transracial adoption, 29; racial isolation of, 64–65, 68; and response to parents’ racism, 75–77, 84, 94–95, 167; returning permanently to Korea, 140–141, 142, 178; speaking out, 64–65; and stages of self-awareness, 79; and use of term “white,” 93; visiting Korea, 129–131, 138–141 Adoptee Solidarity Korea (ASK), 144 adopters: as adoption facilitators, 28; in all-white communities, 43–44; as consumers, 162; and difficulty of saying word “adoption,” 109; and displacement of racial bias to others, 55, 59–60; displaying racism in front of children, 73–79; and feelings about birth parents, 117–120; and lack of interest in Korean culture, 72–73; need for screening/training of, 164, 171; racialized thinking of, 73–79; and reasons for country/race choice, 35–42, 53–63; and refusal to discuss racism with children, 67–73; seeing children as white or “American,” 68–69, 85, 94; single-parent, 55, 105–106, 167, 171; as target market, 28–30; and use of rescue language, 155 adoption: considered riskier than biological parenting, 111; as substitute for biological reproduction, 121 adoption agencies/facilitators: adoptive parent preparation workshop, 40–41; adoptive parents as facilitators, 28; adult adoptee participation, 42–45; as arbiters of “culture keeping,” 23–24; characterizations of Korea index 208 Index by, 34–35; claims of child-centeredness, 25; discouragement of domestic adoption, 38; focus on customer service, marketing, 28; lack of interest in adopter race views, 35–42; move toward multiculturalist approach, 78; need for localized social action by, 174; negation of child’s feelings, 2; 1950s focus on “normal” adoptive parents, 6–7; promotion of heritage camps/trips, 46; public promotional meetings, 25; racial-awareness session, 41–42; stressing consumer choice, 29–30 Adoption Reform Coalition, 143–144, 146 Adoptive Families magazine, 151 adult transnational/transracial adoptees: campaign to unseal birth records, 5; one in ten Korean Americans are, 13; statement on Haiti, 1–2 affirmative action, 154 African Americans: adopters’ avoidance of, 36– 37, 54–63; adoption agencies’ stereotypes of, 46; enforcement of nuclear family model on, 107–108; higher foster care rates of, 159– 160; NABSW opposition to transracial adoption , 60–61, 153–154; and race relation workshops, 148; unwed mothers and maternity home services, 8 “Alex,” 90–92 Allen, Paula Gunn, 106 All Our Kin (Stack), 107–108 “almost white” choice, 54 American Kinship (Schneider), 103 American Safe Families Act (ASFA, 1997), 155 antiautobiographies, 132 Arizona orphan trains, 114 Arndt, Jennifer, 183n9 ASFA (American Safe Families Act, 1997), 155 Asians: assumptions of less racism toward, 55–56; as model minority, 57–59 “as if begotten” framing, 111 ASK (Adoptee Solidarity Korea), 144 assimilation: adopters’ lack of awareness of, 60, 122; and African Americans, 57–58; as American ideal, 26–27; assumption of ease of, 64– 67, 70, 96; engendering ambivalence, 129; and Native Americans, 106–107 Atwood, Thomas, 156 Australian aboriginal “Stolen Generation,” 114 babies: as “acceptable,” 36, 52, 53–63, 99, 112; baby boom romanticizing of, 9; “baby from anywhere” urgency, 53–54; decreasing supply of, 104–105 Baker, Lee, 29, 182–183n4 “Barbara Waleski,” 126–127 Barbara Walters Special on adoption, 4 Bartholet, Elizabeth, 154, 156, 158–159 Bead Game, 41 “Becky Drake,” 50, 127 belongingness, 5, 172 Benet, Mary Kathleen, 171–172 Benson, Trent Christopher, x Beyond Culture Camp (Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute), 44 bicultural tropes, 79 Bill for the Relief of Certain...