Complexity Science and World Affairs

INDEX

2 4 5 INDEX Abkhazia, 76, 77, 107 accidents and coincidence, 6–9, 204 Acquis Communautaire, 45 Adamkus, Valdas, 62, 85 Adams, Ansel, 126 Adams, John, 127 adaptability: Baltic mythology, 57 “competitive intelligence,” 155 complex systems, 14 environmental change, 194 human evolution, 6–11 institutional strength and modernization , 182 internal and external fitness, 28 natural selection, 23–24 resilience building in social and ecological systems, 215–16n. 2 ROK and DPRK, 167 self-organization structures, 24 The Prince (Machiavelli), 204 “affluenza,” 99 Afghanistan: state failure, 180–81 U.S. intervention and nation-building, 29, 70, 119, 138, 144–45, 152, 158, 181–82, 193 U.S. withdrawal (2014), 145 agent-based systems: explanation and modeling, 30, 111– 12 modeling challenges, 207–08 United States, 127 Ai Weiwei, 163 Akayev, Askar, 68 alcohol consumption, 102 al Qaeda, 21, 25, 145, 193 Albania cultural heritage and key indicators, 89–94 designation by Slovenians, 218 EU accession, 46 Internet usage, 115, 197 Lirak Bejko, self-immolation, 222 post-communist transition, 40, 41 riots (1997), 217 semi-consolidated democracy, 43–44, 84–86 transparency, 96 Zone B societies, 75–77 Albright, Madeline, 21 Aleksei (Orthodox Patriarch), 218 Alexander I, Tsar, 64 Alexander the Great, 23 alternative scenarios, 34 altruism, 9–10 anarchy: exploitation and fitness, 4 fluctuation in Russia and Ukraine, 68–69 Hobbesian conception, 3 neorealism, 21, 185 2 4 6 I N D E X anarchy (continued) order-chaos spectrum, 23, 114, 180–81, 202 self-organization, 32–35, 125–26 Zone E societies, 80 Anna Karenina, 98 Appeasement, 28–29 Aristotle, 33 “Arkan” (Serbian underworld figure), 60 Armenia: conflict with Azerbaijan, 76–77, 107–08, 220n3 cultural heritage and key indicators, 89–94 dependence on Azeri energy, 110 downward trajectory of democracy, 91 human development, 76–77 Nagorno-Karabakh, 76 Russian support, 52 semi-consolidated authoritarianism, 84 Zone C societies, 76, 86 Armstrong, Lance, 137 Articles of Confederation, 25 Ashton, Catherine, 79 Asian Financial Crisis (1997), 169 Atlantic Community, 25 Atlantic Grupa, 79 Aung San Suu Kyi, 163 austerity: Estonia and Latvia, 96, 97 Hungary, 111 Romania, 85 Slovenia, 74 Austrian Empire, 65 Axis, 29 Azerbaijan Armenia, 76–77, 107–08, 220n3 civil society trends, 87 consolidated authoritarian regime, 84 cultural heritage and key indicators, 89–94 “curse of oil,” 81 democracy trajectory, 91 energy, 53, 81, 107–08, 110 human development, 79–80 Internet usage, 114, 197 Nagorno-Karabakh, 76 regression of judicial independence, 85 rent-seeking, 114 top-down control, 114, 198 Zone D societies, 79–80 Bahrain: cultural heritage and key indicators, 94 elite cooperation with U.S., 187 Internet usage, 197 revolts (2011), 53, 196 Balkan Beat Box, 217n1. Balkan region: alternative futures, 69–70 casualties from post-communist transition, 40–41 comparisons with Baltics, xviii, 36–70, 189 democracy scores, 43 downward democratic trajectory, 44 “Endism,” 182 ethnic conflict, 51–52 HDI scores, 43 independent media scores, 43 individual leaders, 58–63 myths and mythmaking, 55–58 Ottoman rule, 53 political, economic and human development, 42–44 self-organization, 63–67 top-down rule, 65–69 Zone C societies, 76 Baltic region alternative futures, 69–70 casualties from post-communist transition, 40 comparisons with Balkans, xviii, 36–70, 189 energy, 112, 217n11 ethnic balance), 41, 42, 43 German and Soviet interference, 65 independence (1920), 65 individual leaders, 61–62 intermarriage, 41 links to Western institutions, 44–46 literacy, 64, 219n11 myths and mythmaking, 55–58 I N D E X 2 4 7 nonviolent challenges to Soviet power, 48–53, 203 political, economic and human development, 42–44 pollution, 195 Popular Fronts, 65 Russian population, 41–42 self-organization, 63–67 self-organized criticality, 112 Slavic minorities and secession, 50 Swedish rule (promotion of literacy and education), 63 transfer to Russian control, 63 Zone A societies Ban Ki-moon, 56, 174 Bearslayer, The, 57–58, 64 Bejko, Lirak, 222 Belarus: co-evolution, 110 consolidated authoritarianism, 43, 84 cultural heritage and key indicators, 88–96 energy, 87, 112 ethnic balance, 109 federation attempt with Lithuanians, Poles, 65 fitness, 69, 82, 113 Internet usage, 115 National Endowment for Democracy (U.S.), 68 suicide, 85, 98–99, 101, 103, 106, 221n20 “thriving” disparities, 216n6 top-down rule, 80 Zone D societies, 79, 86 Belgium, 99 Bell Labs, 139 Bertelsmann Foundation Transformation Index (BTI), xv, xvii, xxii, 26, 88, 90–93, 117, 166–67, 220–21n10, 11 Bible: distribution in Sweden, 116 publication dates, 117...