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161 Index Accohannock (Native American tribe), 115 Acculturation, 17 ACLU. See American Civil Liberties Union African American(s): candidates for public office, 53, 61–68, 126; cooptation of leaders, 65, 95; demands for equality, 33; disenfranchisement, 9; economic dependency among, 26, 39; elected, xi, 49, 65, 68, 73, 82, 102, 113, 117, 119, 124, 127; hopes not realized, 120; in farming , 26; free, 25–26, 80, 115, 141n9; and Jim Crow laws, 30, 46; lack of access to capital, 80; lack of opportunities for, 22, 81, 105–106; middle class, 26; percentage of population, xi, xiii, 26, 106; positions never held by, xiii; Princess Anne, ix; suffrage for, 29; unemployment among, 106; violence against, 36, 39, 67; watermen, 25; Whittington, DeWayne, Jr., 37. See also Whittington , H. DeWayne, Jr. Agriculture: decline in, 4, 6, 25, 49–50, 68, 95–96; lack of modernization of, 38; overproduction, 46; technology, 1; tobacco growing, 24, 26–27, 39 Aid for Families with Dependent Children, 77 American Civil Liberties Union: of Maryland, ix, xiv, 66–67, 125, 128–29, 131; community forum, xiv, 118–22; Election Protection program, 126; legal director of, 118, 124; monitoring, 67; and redistricting , 124–25; Semper Eadem Report, ix, 117, 119, 121, 129; NAACP, collaboration with, ix, xiv, 66, 117–19, 121–24, 129–31. See also Jeon, Deborah American Revolution: as potentially restructuring event, 23, 27, 96 Annexation, controversy, 51–57 Armwood, George: civil rights movement , 33; lynching of, 32; memorial for, 127 Arnold, Jimmy, attitude, 114 Baker v. Carr: and U.S. Supreme Court, 39; power of packers diminished, 76; established “oneman -one-vote” principle, 131; and Maryland’s law, 150n68 Ballard, Kenneth, ix, 118, 120, 124, 137n1, 150n40 Behavior: constraints, 3; expectations about, 104; group, 95; incentives, 3, 11, 52, 134; individual, 102; market driven, 9; political, 24; regulating, 3, 95; shaping, 102 Bell, Clarence E., 120, 137n1, 150n40 162 / Index Beliefs: 102; defensive 39; religious, 40 Best, Reverend, 75, 103 Bigotry, 26, 95, 105, 118 Black(s): church 83, 130, 134; community , ix–ix, xx–xxii, 53, 65–66, 72–73, 80–82, 87, 88, 95, 103, 105 109, 116, 117, 120; leadership , at grassroots, xi; system, 37, 65, 81–82. See also African American(s) Boston, Sam 119 Bowie, Oden, 29 Brofee, Karen-Lee, 121–22 Brown, Catherine, widow of Roland Brown, 118, 137n1, 150n40 Brown, Christopher, ix, 50–51, 54 Brown, H. Rap, 35–36 Brown, Roland, 51, 54, 72–74, 82, 90, 97; widow of, 118. See Brown, Catherine G. Brown v. Board of Education, 34, 36 Bruce, Tony, 47, 11 Campbell Soup, 86 Capital: access to, 11, 80, 101; accumulation , 12, 15, 20; attracting, 9; investment, 9, 11, 13, 31, 39, 47–48; mobile, 9, 12, 25, 48 Carvel Hall, 86 Chamber of commerce: Crisfield, 73, 83, 90–91, 97, 108; Princess Anne, 52 Chance (Maryland), 25 Change: ability to affect, 77, 83; agent of, xxi; authors of, xv; commitment to 33; economic, xii, 5–7, 68, 71, 94, 107; historical, 118; impacts of, 45–46, 138n1; land-use, 14, 50, 52, 54, 59, 68, 95; miracle needed to bring about, 127; model for, 9; organizing for, 117–18; process of, 118; resistance to, xi, 4, 38, 44, 46, 96–97; lack of resources to, ix; as restructuring event, 49, 94; scope of, xi; social, xiii, xv, xxi, 5, 16, 35, 38, 96; structural, 16, 23 Church: black, 83, 130, 134; and civil rights movement, 34, 41, 83, 130; as polity, 16, 25, 140–41n8; St. James, xiv, 118, 122; on Smith Island, 25. See Methodism Citizenship, 19–20, 39 Civil rights movement, 33–38, 46, 96; bureaucratization of, 111 Civil War, 1, 28–29, 42, 96 Clam plant. See Shellfish Inc., 55 Clientelism, 100 Collins, Roland, 51–53, 56, 60–61, 64–67, 113 Community: associational life, 57, 64, 75; cohesiveness, 45; good of, 9, 88; importance of, 21; interests in, 2, 13; local, 15–16; obligations, 120; power, 10, 15, 115; solidarity, 41; survival ethos, 41, 143n77; uniqueness , 19; welfare, 68 Community Forum, proved pivotal, xii, 111–12, 118, 122 Competition: between cities, 9; business , 74; discouragement of, 67; with “foreigners” 74; for housing, 78; for labor, 38; political, 67 “Conservative Unionists,” 29 Courthouse gangs. See Elites, courthouse Crisfield (Maryland): 23, 25, 71; African-American community in, 26, 80–81; Arcade Theatre, 75, 103; Business Forum, 87, 99; Chamber of commerce, 72–73, 83–88, 90–91, 97, 99, 103, 108; Colored School, 117; Community Development Block Grant, 71...

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