The Principal's Office: A Social History of the American School Principal

Notes

Notes Introduction 1. Nelson Lichtenstein, “ ‘The Man in the Middle’: A Social History of Automobile Industry Foreman,” in On the Line: Essays in the History of Auto Work, ed. Nelson Lichtenstein and Stephen Meyer (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989), 161–62; C. Wright Mills, White Collar: The American Middle Classes (New York: Oxford University Press, 1951), 74; Alfred Chandler, The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1977). 2. Larry Cuban, The Managerial Imperative and the Practice of Leadership in Schools (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988), 61. Chapter ONE. Preceptors, Head Teachers, and Principal Teachers: School Leadership through the Late Nineteenth Century 1. Rosetta M. Cohen and S. Scheer, eds., The Work of Teachers in America: A Social History Through Stories (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997), 24. 2. Cohen and Scheer, The Work of Teachers in America, 21. 3. R. Carlyle Buley, The Old Northwest Pioneer Period, 1815–1840 (Indianapolis : Indiana University Press, 1950), Vol. II, 370–71; see also Richard Hofstadter, Anti-Intellectualism in American Life (New York: Random House, 1963), 299–316. 4. Franklin Parker, “Ezekiel Cheever: New England Colonial Teacher,” Peabody Journal of Education 37 (May 1960): 355–60. 5. Kim Tolley, “Mapping the Leadership of Higher Schooling, 1727–1850,” in Chartered Schools: Two Hundred Years of Independent Academies in the United States, 1727–1925, ed. Nancy Beadie and Kim Tolley (New York: Routledge, 2002), 19. 6. 100th Anniversary of the Caledonia County Grammar School (Peacham, VT: Alumni Association, 1900), 25. 7. Melissa Ladd Teed, “Crafting Community: Hartford Public High School in the Nineteenth Century,” in Schools as Imagined Communities: The Creation of Identity, Meaning, and Conflict in U.S. History, ed. Dierdre Cobb-Roberts, Sherman Dorn, and Barbara Shircliffe (New York: Palgrave, 2006), 51–77. 8. Lynne Templeton Brickley, “The Litchfield Female Academy,” in “To­ Ornament Their Minds”: Sarah Pierce’s Litchfield Female Academy, 1792–1833, ed. The Litchfield Historical Society (Litchfield, CT: Litchfield Historical Society, 1993), 20–81. 9. James McLachlan, American Boarding Schools: A Historical Study (New York: Charles Scribner, 1970), 93. 153 154 NOTES TO CHAPTER ONE 10. McLachlan, American Boarding Schools, 99. 11. Kim Tolley and Margaret A. Nash, “Leaving Home to Teach: The Diary of Susan Nye Hutchison, 1815–1841,” in Beadie and Tolley, Chartered Schools. 12. Tolley and Nash, “Leaving Home,”163, 165. 13. Teri L. Castelow, “ ‘Creating an Educational Interest’: Sophia Sawyer, Teacher of the Cherokee,” in Beadie and Tolley, Chartered Schools. 14. Castelow, “ ‘Creating an Educational Interest,’ ” 203. 15. Christopher Span, “Alternative Pedagogy: The Rise of the Private Black Academy in Early Postbellum Mississippi, 1862–1870,” in Beadie and Tolley, Chartered Schools, 215. 16. Ronald E. Butchart, Schooling the Freed People: Teaching, Learning, and the Struggle for Black Freedom, 1861–1876 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010), 17–51; Ronald E. Butchart, “Edmonia G. and Caroline V. Highgate: Black Teachers, Freed Slaves, and the Betrayal of Black Hearts,” in Portraits of African American Life Since 1865, ed. Nina Mjagkij (Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, Inc., 2003), 1–13. 17. I am grateful to Laura K. Muñoz for introducing me to Solomon Coles. Moses N. Moore Jr. and Yolanda Y. Smith, “Solomon M. Coles: Preacher, Teacher, and Former Slave—The First Black Student Officially Enrolled in Yale Divinity School,” Unpublished manuscript, Yale University, http://www.yale.edu/divinity/ storm/Coles_5_1_07.pdf; Edna Jordan, Black Tracks to Texas: Solomon Melvin Coles (Corpus Christi: Golden Banner Press, 1977). 18. Solomon Coles, “Doubt in the Negro’s Capabilities a Hindrance to His Higher Development,” Lincoln University Alumni Magazine 1 (November 1884): 14–18; Solomon Coles, “Colored Teachers,” Lincoln University Alumni Magazine 1 (February 1885): 49–51; Solomon Coles, “Caste in Colored Institutions,” Lincoln University Alumni Magazine 1 (November 1885): 124–29. 19. Adah Ward Randolph, “Building Upon Cultural Capital: Thomas Jefferson Ferguson and the Albany Enterprise Academy in Southeast Ohio, 1863–1886,” Journal of African American History 87 (Spring 2002): 182–95. 20. Tolley and Nash, “Leaving Home to Teach,” in Beadie and Tolley, Chartered Schools, 175. 21. Quoted in Tolley and Nash, “Leaving Home to Teach,” in Beadie and Tolley, Chartered Schools, 175. 22. Silas Hertzler, The Rise of the Public High School in Connecticut (Baltimore: Warwick and York, 1930), 27–28. 23. Melissa Ladd Teed, “ ‘If Only I Wore a Coat and Pants’: Gender and Power in the Making of an American Public High School, 1847–1851,” Gender and History 16 (April 2004): 135. 24. Teed, “ ‘If Only I...