INDEX 205 accountants, 31. See also bookkeeping actions (karma), 33–34, 187, 189 adoption, 72, 130 African rough, 62, 168–69, 174, 197n16. See also specific countries agency houses, 60, 196n5 Agra, 52 Agrasen, 31 Agravals Baniyas and, 27, 53 brokers and, 39 Dasa, 53 Digambar Jains and, 27, 27, 32 disputes and, 108 Jaipur Jewellers Association and, 160, 162 population figures, 53 synthetic gemstones and, 76 traders, as, 31–32 Ajmer, 4, 82, 93 alcohol, 28 aluminum oxide (corundum), 120 Amber, 3, 44, 52 amethysts, 171 anthropology, organizational, 13 apprentices (chelas) and apprenticeships. See also pupillary succession business culture and, 191 buyers, as, 151 Note: Page numbers in italic indicate figures and illustrations. An italic n following a page number indicates an endnote. changes in, 124–25 child labor and, 42 Digambar Jains and, 67 discipline, 123–24 extra-familial, 65, 124 Haveli and, 70 insiders and, 64 semiprecious stones and, 172 social relationships and, 116–20, 123–24 Tank’s school and, 72–74 aquamarines, 171 arbitration, 106–7, 108 artisans brokers and, 40–41, 146, 147–48 images of, 24 Islam and, 22 manufacturers, distinguished from, 21 Muslims and, 40 number of, 20, 21 owners and, 62 places of work, 42 sales and, 96 self-employed, 41 social relationships and, 143 street markets and, 6 trust and, 143 asceticism, 15, 34, 186–88, 193 Ashkenazis, 51 astrology, 59, 120–21 206 Index auctions, ritual (gh¥ bol¥), 135–36 Austria, 76 Ball, Sydney H., 57 Banaras, 52 Baniyas, 27–28, 41, 53, 191 banking, 54, 195ch1n3. See also credit; moneylending bankruptcy, 109 Bapu Bazar, 46 bargaining, 92–93, 99–100, 101, 149–50 Basra, 54 Bayly, C.A., 198ch5n6 beads, 46, 46, 80, 86, 89, 92, 168 Belgium, 79 beliefs, 9, 16, 114, 141, 142, 185–86. See also religion; rituals; specific beliefs Bengalis, 44, 45, 45–46 Benjamin Warwick (London), 81 Bernstein, Lisa, 110, 111, 112, 144, 197n1 beryl, 49, 196n1 Bhandari, Prakash, 174 Bhinmal, 30 Bindayaka, Kesrichand, 61 black money, 101–4 black water, 62, 69, 183 Block, Robert, 173 Boileau, A. H. E., 52–53, 54 Bombay, 54 bombsights, 76 bookkeeping, 92, 95–96, 105. See also accountants Brahmans, 26, 27, 53 Brazilian rough, 82, 83, 155, 168 bribery, 102, 104 Britain, 4, 10, 60, 62, 63, 76, 196n5 brokers. See also individual brokers activities of, 23, 96–101 Agravals, 32 artisans and, 40–41, 146, 147–48 castes and, 113 cost of, 93 credit and, 93 family firms and, 146 images of, 38, 97 need for, 25, 99, 100–101 New York, 111, 113, 143, 144, 145–46 numbers of, 20 owners and, 39, 143, 145–46 reputations and, 147 social standing of, 38–39 street markets and, 6 trust and, 145–46 Burma, 54 Burra, Neera, 41, 42 business culture and relationships. See also economic behavior; partnerships; reputations; trust apprenticeships and, 191 castes and, 64 character and, 12 corporate, 13 corporate culture versus, 13 marriage and, 132–33, 142 social relationships and, 8–9, 10, 101, 115–48, 164, 177, 179, 192 traditions, 66–67 trust and, 9, 17 buyers and sellers, 79, 81, 101, 151. See also brokers; credit; owners; prices cabochons, 86, 168 calculators, pocket, 99 Calcutta jewelers, 59–60, 63 calibrated gemstones, 169–70 Calvinism, 15 capitalism, 15, 16, 176, 186, 187, 194. See also The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Weber) capitalization, 159 Carstairs, Morris, 28 cash, 95, 157–59. See also credit Caste and Capitalism in Colonial India: The Nattukottai Chettiars (Rudner), 195ch1n3 [3.80.131.164] Project MUSE (2024-03-28 19:47 GMT) 207 Index castes. See also trading castes; specific castes banking and, 195ch1n3 Bengalis and, 45–46 brokers and, 113 business and, 177–78 classes, distinguished from, 26–27 emerald elite and, 64, 177–78, 180 intermarriage and, 64 Jainism and, 37, I27 non-Jain traders and, 31–33 population figures, 52–53 reputations and, 147 Shvetambars and, 133 trading, 26–29 Caurṛiyå, Campålål, 69 Census Report (1901), 56 centralization, 113. See also specific associations Central Selling Organization (London), 111 change, 14, 17, 153–57, 165, 192. See also innovation character, 123, 136, 142, 178. See also reputations Charles, Prince, 173 chelas. See apprentices and apprenticeships child labor, 41, 42 Chordia, Bahadursingh, 68, 70 Chordia, Budhsingh, 68 Chordia, Champalal, 70, 150–51 Chordia, Dhanrupmal and Sarupchand, 70 Chordia, Suganchand, 68–71, 69, 137, 150–51 Chordia, Takhatsingh, 68 classes (varnas), 19, 26–27. See also specific classes clothing, 34...