Multicultural Geographies: The Changing Racial/Ethnic Patterns of the United States

Contents

C Co on nt te en nt ts s Acknowledgements v Preface ix I INTRODUCTION Multiculturalism and Multicultural Education in the United States: The Contributory Role 1 of Geography Florence M. Margai and John W. Frazier Culture, Cultural Landscapes, and the Historical Contexts for Economic Expansion, 11 Immigration, and Group Settlements in the United States John W. Frazier and Florence M. Margai II U.S. BLACK GEOGRAPHIES Black American Geographies: The Historical and Contemporary 31 Distributions of African Americans Eugene Tettey-Fio The Plight of African Americans in Michigan: Residential Segregation, and Predictable 41 Outcomes in Mortgage Lending and Educational Achievement Joe T. Darden Predatory Lending and Race: A Case Study of a Washington, D.C. Lender 55 David H. Kaplan Low Birth Weight and the Contribution of Residential Segregation, New York City, 2000 65 Sue C. Grady III U.S. ASIAN GEOGRAPHIES Asians in America: Some Historical and Contemporary Patterns 79 John W. Frazier What Color is Segregation? Changing Spatial Segregation of Asians: 1980–2000 101 David W. S. Wong From the Ghetto to the Invisiburb: Shifting Patterns of Immigrant 113 Settlement in Contemporary America Emily Skop and Wei Li viii Contents Refugee Resettlement in Utica, New York: Opportunities and Issues for Community 125 Development Ellen Percy Kraly and Kristin VanValkenburg IV U.S. LATINO GEOGRAPHIES Changing Latino Geographies in the United States 149 Mark E. Reisinger and Eugene Tettey-Fio Determinants of Latino Migration to Allentown, PA 171 Mark E. Reisinger Latino Landscapes and Latino-Black Districts: A Study of Allentown, PA 191 Eugene Tettey-Fio Diversity Comes to a Small City: The Case of Binghamton, NY 207 Suzanna Klaf, Karima Legette, and John W. Frazier V METHODS OF RACIAL/ETHNIC DATA PORTRAYAL AND ANALYSIS Reading and Mapping America’s Changing Ethnic Geomorphologies and 219 Palimpsest Geographies Stanley D. Brunn The Use of a 3-D Mapping Technique to Portray Racial and Ethnic Change 231 Lucius S. Willis A Comparison of Traditional and Spatial Measures of Segregation: Some Empirical Findings 247 David W. S. Wong Using Geo-Data Techniques to Analyze Environmental Health Inequities in Minority 263 Neighborhoods: The Case of Toxic Exposures and Low Birth Weights Florence M. Margai SUMMATION Summary and Conclusions 277 Florence M. Margai and John W. Frazier Index 283 Contributors 287 ...