Kāma's Flowers: Nature in Hindi Poetry and Criticism, 1885-1925

Index

Index 309 Āb-e-ḥayāt (Āzād), 51–54, 200–201 Abercrombie, Lascelles, 290n18 Abhijñānaśākuntalam (Kalidasa), 61 Abhinava, 5–6 Absence of the beloved (Hariaudh), 29– 30, 119–20, 123–30, 135, 141, 144, 146, 148–50, 192, 245 “Acquaintance” (Prasād), 139–40, 145, 147; and Nirālā’s “To a Flower on the Road,” 231 Addison, Joseph, 49, 51, 218; commentary on Milton, 198; on gardens, 202; influence on Śukla, 198–201; “Pleasures of the Imagination,” 197–99, 200 Adhakhilā Phūl (Hariaudh), 120, 122–23, 126 “Adhīr” [Indararāj Baid], 281–82n19 Adhyayan aur āsvād: sāhityik nibandh (Rāy), 262n5 “Admonition to a Traveler” (Wordsworth), 204 aesthetics: of Chāyāvād poets, 63; empiricized, 198, 217; of love and the new woman, 183, 193; of nationalism and nature, 155, 216, 239–42; “organic” body aesthetics of classical India, 42; and rasa, 5–8; replication of experience in Dvivedī, 93; Romantic, in Dvivedī, 104; Śukla’s, 198, 202, 216 after-feelings of rasa, 6 Agarwāl caste, 17 Agra, 8, 13, 17, 55, 67, 79 Agyeya (Sachchidanand Vatsyayan), 34 Akbarābādī, Nazīr, 55–56 ālambana, 201, 204–6, 292n51 alaṃkāra. See ornament Ali, Saiyad Amir, 157, 282n26 alienation: nature as place of, 66; of poets, driven to nature, 164; of Prasād’s Pilgrim, 149; readers’ response to “fallen woman” story, 282n3 Aligarh Muslim University, movement, 50 Allahabad University, 253n4, 270n21, 273n65 allegory: in Dvivedī’s “Description of dawn,” 95–96; in Dvivedī’s “Nature scene,” 101–3; of Gandhi’s NonCooperation movement in Tripāṭhī’s The Pilgrim, 153; landscapes in Iqbāl, 59; natural objects and scenery in Sanskrit poetry, 42–43; nature generally (Tagore), 61–62; in Nirālā’s “Jasmine Bud,” 148–49; in Prasād’s Kāmāyanī, 130; in śṛṅgāra, 141, 147, 192–93, 230; in Sufi love narratives, 44, 255n26, 265n41 alliteration: in Chāyāvād poetry, 223, 239; in Keśav’s Rasikapriyā, 10–11; in Pāṭhak’s “Beauty of Kashmir,” 111 allusion: to embodied India in Pāṭhak’s “Beauty of Kashmir,” 111; in Hariaudh’s Absence of the Beloved, 126; to Himalayas in Pāṭhak’s 310  Index allusion (continued) “Beauty of Kashmir,” 112; to Krishna poetry in Pāṭak’s translation of Goldsmith’s The Hermit, 70; to land evictions in Goldsmith’s Deserted Village, 77; to metaphorical objects, Sharma’s Nirālā’s Literary Method, 238; nature as political landscape, 245; in Pant’s Sighs, 226, 227; to pleasure, with bees and flowers, 137, 186; to post-Independence India as new bride, 193; to the real in Pāṭhak’s “Beauty of Kashmir,” 113; to śṛṅgāra in object-poems, 137 Almora, 224 Alter, Joseph S., 282n25 “Alternative modernities,” 22 Ambalal, Amit, 254n23 Analysis of Rasa (Śukla), 195–96 Ānandavardhana: Dhvanyāloka, 7 Anderson, Benedict, 260n76 Anglo-Oriental Muhammaden College (now Aligarh Muslim University), 50 Another reason (Prakash), 23 “Anthem of India” (Iqbāl), 58 anthologies: An Anthology of Sanskrit Court Poetry (Vidyākara), 32; English poetry, 3, 4, 49, 243, 253n3, 253n4; Hindi poetry, 243; history of Hindi, 14–15; Khaṛī Bolī ka padya: Poetical Reader of Khaṛī Bolī (ed. Pincott, comp. Khatrī), 17, 18–21; nature poetry, 34; Pope characterized in, 80; Tripāṭhī’s series, 153 anti-colonialism, 76, 86–87, 98, 239–40 anubhāva (after-feelings): of rasa, 6 “Anutāp” (Nirālā), 239–40 appropriateness (aucitya), 7 arcadia, 40, 43, 147, 151, 222, 245, 248 Aristotle, 81 Arnold, Edwin: Light of Asia, 197 Arnold, Matthew, 273n65 Arnold, Sir Thomas, 57 artificiality: of courtly poetry, 254n24; of gardens, 202; and Oriental literature, 48, 70; in Urdu ghazal, 44, 55 “Aruṇ” [Ātmarām Śarmā]: The Poets Ratnākar Neglected: Based on the Newest Research and Investigation (Ratnākar dvārā upekṣit kavi maṇḍal: navinatam khoj evam śodh par ādhārit), 273n63 Aryan: ancients, 107, 212; and Muslim, 109, 110, 114; womanhood, 169–70 “Aryan lady” (Gupta), 182–83 asceticism, 40, 69, 112, 143, 147–52, 180, 209–10, 232, 245, 287n62 ashram, 40, 70, 183, 232 assonance, xxiii, 6, 11, 111, 275n86 atomization, 141 aucitya, 7 Augustan poetry, 51, 66, 80, 84 Aurobindo, 235, 268n101 Avadh, 152 Avadhī, 15, 24, 118, 228, 255nn26–27 Awakening of rasa (Rasalīn), 43 Ayodhyāsiṁh Upādhyāy. See Hariaudh Āzād [Ḥusain, Muḥammad], 50, 57; on principles of English literature, 53; Water of Life (Āb...