Reading Human Nature: Literary Darwinism in Theory and Practice

Index

Abrams, M. H., 34 Across Five Aprils, 58 Adaptationism. See Adaptations; Evolutionary biology; Natural Selection Adaptations, 17, 22–23, 26, 50–51. See also under Arts, the; Human nature; under Literature; Life history theory Adapted Mind, The, 7, 276 Adelman, Janet, 124 Adventures of Stanley Kane, The, 58–59 Agassiz, Louis, 209, 210 Agonistic structure: ambiguous characters in, 165–66; definition of, 35, 152; and differences of gender, 167–73; and human nature, 165, 167; is falsifiable, 164–65; is more important than gender, 167–70; in Mayor of Casterbridge, 177–93; shaping force of, 155, 166; social function of, 152–53, 170, 173–75; the Tiv understand, 124; in Victorian novels, 151–75. See also Antagonists; Protagonists Alcott, Louisa May: author of: Jo’s Boys, 59; Little Men, 58, 59 Alice in Wonderland, 131–32 Allott, Miriam, 109 Althusser, Louis, 18, 29, 277 Altruism, 40, 41–42, 48, 66. See also Social life American Scholar, 61 Andrews, Alice, 10 Anna Karenina, 81 Annaud, Jean-Jacques: director of Quest for Fire, 58 Antagonists: in definition of agonistic structure, 35, 152; in Dracula, 164; in Emma, 160; emotional responses to, 155, 163–64, 165, 166; exemplify dominance behavior, 152, 155, 158, 165, 168, 169, 170; in Jane Eyre, 161–62; in Mansfield Park, 159; mate preferences in, 160–61, 187; in Mayor of Casterbridge, 180, 184–85, 191; motives of, 158–59; personality of, 161–62, 165; in Wuthering Heights, 113, 115. See also Agonistic structure; Protagonists Aristotle, 126 Arnold, Matthew: cites Darwin, 264–65; cultural teleology of, 221, 264–65; demonstrates potential of cultural criticism, 58; echoed by Leavis, 267; exchange between Huxley and, xiv, 260–61, 264–66; on Hamlet, 145–46; influenced humanistic ethos, 72, 261, 266, 267, 268–69, 275–76; influenced Trilling, Leavis, and Frye, 266; sadness of, 263–64, 275; on Sophocles, 215; author of: 1853 Preface, 145–46; “Dover Beach,” 263–64; “Empedocles on Etna,” 145–46; “Literature and Science,” 264–65, 266 Index 333 334 Index Arts, the: adaptive functions of, xii 4, 20–29, 49–53, 62–70 passim; are universal, 28, 52; definition of, 23, 27; formal properties of, 26, 27, 70; and sexual display, 28. See also Literature Atlantic Monthly, 61 Attachment theory: applies to all mammals, 14; Easterlin invokes, 31; and Hamlet, xiii, 138–39, 141 Audience: adaptations for responses in an, 26; authors share understanding with, 18, 20; catching the attention of an, 126; Dissanayake ’s, 63; Emily Brontë’s, 110, 111, 113, 115; for evolutionary social scientists, 5, 152; for Hamlet in a Nigerian tribe, 31; Hamlet’s, 144, 145; for literary studies, 152, 157; for Madame Bovary’s Ovaries, 12; Mark Ridley’s, 198; Spolsky’s, 6. See also Readers Austen, Jane, 152; author of: Emma, 160; Mansfield Park, 159; Persuasion, 164; Pride and Prejudice, 32, 156, 160, 161; Sense and Sensibility, 156 Austin, Michael, 12 Authors: affirm human nature, 18; control emotional responses of readers, 156; forces shaping perspective of, 48–49; have shared understanding with readers, 18, 20, 30; individual identity in, 10, 30, 61, 81, 93; intentional meaning in, x, 81–82, 83, 100, 107, 116, 131, 135, 156, 183, 187, 188, 189–90, 193; negotiate with cultural traditions, 81; stipulate features of characters, 156. See also Literature; Meaning in literature; Point of View; Psychodrama Autobiography: chapter two is an, xii; Darwin’s, 56, 200, 216, 226, 228, 230, 231, 254; Pater’s, x; Spencer’s, 223 Baer, Karl Ernst von, 207 Baron-Cohen, Simon, 9 Barrett, Louise: co-editor of Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, 274 Barthes, Roland, 274–75 Beer, Gillian: author of Darwin’s Plots, 78 Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 85 Behavioral ecology, 41, 274 Benzon, William, 49 Bergman, Ingmar: director of: Wild Strawberries, 58; The Seventh Seal, 146 Bible, the, 72, 209, 213, 241, 242. See also Christianity; Religion Biology. See Evolutionary biology Boehm, Christopher, 173. See also Egalitarianism Bohannan, Laura, 124, 125 Bordwell, David, 8 Boston Globe, 61 Bowlby, John, 31, 138. See also Attachment theory Boyd, Brian: on the adaptive function of the arts, 49; assimilates cognitive science, 8–9; Deresiewicz denounces, 68; on Hamlet, 123, 124–26; on human nature, 130; valorizes expansiveness, 31, 126; author of On the Origin of Stories, 11, 62; co-editor of Evolution, Literature, and Film, 9–10 Boyd, Robert, 45 Braddon, Elizabeth: author of Lady Audley’s Secret, 165 Bradley, A. C.: author of Shakespearean Tragedy, 132–37 passim, 139, 141, 143 Brain, the: and birth canal, 15; cognitive modules...