Elemental Philosophy: Earth, Air, Fire, and Water as Environmental Ideas

Index

Index 419 Abbey, Edward, 54–55, 173–174, 204, 337, 340, 354 Ackerman, Diane, 249, 291 Adams, Ansel, 53–54 Adler, Mortimer, 2 Adorno, Theodor W., 277 aesthetics, 338–345; cognitivist model of, 339; engagement model of, 339 aether: etymology of, 227 aether (ether), 5, 81, 187–188, 225–228. See also fifth element air, 25–35; Anaximenes on, 26–27, 32, 33, 362n. 82; Aristotle on, 190, 191, 213– 214, 217–218; Bachelard on, 297–298; biological characteristics of, 29, 31–32; breathing of, 26, 30–31, 32; cultural interpretations of, 33; Derrida on, 32; differentiated characteristics of, 27, 29; Empedocles on, 107, 109–110, 114, 115; environmental action on, 348–350; gases of, 29, 31–32; Hegel on, 280– 281; ideogram for, 61; Irigaray on, 30, 316–318; layers of, 27; metaphysical properties of, 33; movements of, 27–28, 29–30; Plato on, 145–146, 148–150, 152–153, 154, 161–163; pollution of, 34–35; preclassical view of, 362n. 86. See also sky Air and Dreams (Bachelard), 295 air conditioning, 349–350 airsheds, 27 Alcmaeon, 114–115 alienation: earth, 25, 273, 405n. 63; place, 196–197; world, 273 Allegory of Cave, 166 altruism, 121 ambient light, 244–245 Anapanasati Sutra (Buddha), 31 Anaxagoras, 69, 327 Anaximander, 64, 87–88, 109, 158; on opposition, 69, 163 Anaximenes: on air, 26, 32, 33, 362n. 82; on clouds, 175–176; on cosmos, 147; on elemental transformation, 154 animals: Aristotle on, 259; coldblooded , 202; domestication of, 258, 274; Empedocles on, 120–122; experimentation on, 121; night and, 287; Plato on, 148, 160, 161, 259; warm-blooded, 201–202 animism, 116, 373n. 105 Antarctica, 138–139, 140–141, 336–337 anthropocentrism, 335 Antony and Cleopatra (Shakespeare), 343–344 Apache, 79 apparent horizon, 64 archetypes, 66–67 Archidoxis (Paracelsus), 279–280 Archimedes, 90 Arctic, 139, 140 Arctic Dreams (Lopez), 139 Arendt, Hannah, 273, 275 Aristophanes, 176 Aristotle, 8, 179–199, 209–242; on aether, 187–188, 225–228; on air, 190, 191, 213–214, 217–218; on animals, 259; on body, 70, 183, 236; on boundary/limit, 192–193, 195–196; on breath, 32; on change, 185, 195, 213–216, 223–225, 420 | Index Aristotle (continued) 239–240; on composite bodies, 190– 191; on compound bodies, 216–218; on contact, 210, 228–233; on contraries, 69, 185, 209–216, 225, 396n. 10; on earth, 190, 191, 213, 217, 222–223; ecology and, 238–242; on elemental definitions, 182–183; on elemental generation, 183–186; on elemental self-domestication, 195; on elemental transformation, 213–216, 224–225; vs. Empedocles, 181, 183, 184–185, 393n. 17; on evolution, 119–120; on fifth element, 187–188, 225–228; on fire, 40–41, 190, 191, 212, 213, 217–218; on flesh, 231, 232, 308; on form, 189–190, 192; geocentrism and, 240; on heat, 204; on heaviness, 186–188, 191, 211; on home-place, 197; on hot-cold, 209–213, 216–217, 222; on impossible elemental transformations, 215–216; on interval, 192; on knowledge, 237–238; on letters, 60; on light, 245; on lightness, 186–187, 211; on locomotion, 189, 190; on matter, 191–192, 194; on monism, 183–184; on movement, 180, 187–191, 195, 226, 241; naturalism and, 240–242; on nature, 181, 240–242, 400n. 73; on perception, 231–232; on place, 63, 65, 180, 188–199, 234, 394n. 24; vs. Plato, 181, 183–184, 212, 393n. 16; on prime matter, 218–225; on rapid irreversible elemental transformation, 215; on rapid reversible elemental transformation, 214, 224; on rock, 57; on senses, 230–232, 237–238; on sight, 233–234; on slow reversible elemental transformation, 214, 224; on soul, 234–238; on stoicheia, 182–183; on substratum, 221; on thinking, 237, 400n. 64; on touch, 210, 228–233; on up and down, 65, 187, 189, 193; on water, 190, 213–214, 217; on weight, 185, 186–188, 191, 211; on wet-dry, 209–213 Armstrong, Neil, 331 art: calligraphic, 62; clouds in, 174; earth in, 18, 22, 321; elemental themes in, 345; environmental, 341–342; ice in, 142; landscape in, 320–321; light in, 320; lightning in, 177; night in, 285–286; nude in, 260; shadow and, 249, 250; snowball, 141; stone, 54; water in, 48, 320–321 Atlas Complex, 298–299 atmosphere: etymology of, 29 atom, 70, 166–167 Atomism, 70, 162–163, 167, 239 Augustine of Hippo, 188 autochthones, 25 Bachelard, Gaston, 5, 8, 294, 325; on air, 297–298; on ancient texts, 85; botanical metaphors of, 299–300; on clouds, 176...