B'nai B'rith and the Challenge of Ethnic Leadership

Notes

Notes Introduction 1. For an excellent study of how leadership and goals change on the local level see William Toll, "Mobility, Fraternalism,' and Jewish Cultural Change: Portland, 1910-1930," American Jewi~h History (June 1979), pp. 459-491. Chapter One 1. Leon A. Jick, The Americanization of the Synagogue, 1820-1870 (Hanover, N.H.: Brandeis University Press, 1976), p. 7. 2. Julius Bien, "History of the Independent Order B'nai B'rith," The Menorah (August 1886), pp. 64-66. 3. Jick, p. 108. 4. Minutes of first meeting quoted in Edward E. Grusd, B'nai B'rith: The Story of a Covenant (New York: Appleton-Century, 1966), p. 18. 5. Bien, "History," The Menorah (August 1886), p. 64; Morris U. Schappes, ed., A Documentary History of the Jews in the United States, 1654-1875 (New York: Schocken, 1971), p. 625. 6. Quoted in Grusd, p. 20. 7. Jick, p. 110. 8. Bien, "History," The Menorah (October 1886), p. 164; The Menorah (November 1886), pp. 204-208. 9. Bien, "History," The Menorah (April 1887), p. 161. 10. Bien, ''History,'' The Menorah (August 1886), p. 64. 11. Quoted in Eric E. Hirshler, "Jews from Germany in the United States," in Jews from Germany in the United States, ed. Eric E. Hirshler (New York: Farrar, Straus & Cudahy, 1955), p. 51. 12. Bien, "History," The Menorah (May 1887), pp. 253--254. 13. Schappes, pp. 139-140, 160-163, 168--171. 14. Bien, "History," The Menorah (May 1887), p. 254. 15. Ibid. > Home | TOC | Index B'nai B'rith and the Challenge of Ethnic Leadership I 258 16. Moritz Ellinger, History of Washington Lodge No. 19, Independent Order B'nai B'rith (New York: Chambers, 1904), pp. 6-7, 10-11. 17. Quoted in Grusd, p. 35. 18. Bien, "History," The Menorah (October 1887), pp. 249-253. 19. Report quoted in Isaac M. Fein, The Making of an American Jewish Community (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1971), p. 131. 20. Jick, pp. 145-146. 21. Bien, "History," The Menorah (January 1888), pp. 65-67. 22. Bien, "History," The Menorah (July 1888), pp. 48-49. 23. Bien, "History," The Menorah (January 1888), p. 67. 24. Bien, "History," The Menorah (August 1887), pp. 103-104. 25. Bien, "History," The Menorah (July 1887), pp. 47-48. 26. Bien, "History," The Menorah (January 1889), p. 43. 27. Bertram W. Kom, "Epilogue," in The American Jew in the Civil War, ed. Isidore Meyer (New York: American Jewish Historical Society, 1962), p. 145. 28. Jacob Rader Marcus, ed., M~moirs of American Jews 1775-1865 (1955; reprint ed., New York: KTAV, 1974), vol. II, 220. 29. Ellinger, p. 12. 30. Quoted in Bertram W. Kom, American Jewry and the Civil War (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1961), pp. 102-103. 31. Bien, "History," The Menorah (November 1887), p. 325. 32. Grusd, p. 61. 33. Quoted in Grusd, p. 67. 34. Quoted in Evelyn Levow Grl~enberg, "An 1869 Petition on Behalf of Russian Jews," in The Jewish Experience in America, ed. Abraham J. Karp (Waltham, Mass.: American Jewish Historical Society, 1969), vol. III, 355-356. 35. The story of Peixotto's mission is told in Max J. Kohler and Simon Wolf, "Benjamin F. Peixotto's Miss:,on to Roumania," in The Jewish Experience in America, ed. Abraham J. Karp (Waltham, Mass.: American Jewish Historical Society, 1969), vol. III, 371-382; quotes on pp. 379, 382. 36. Ibid. Cha)~ter Two 1. Richard Gottheil, The Life of Gllstav Gottheil (Williamsport, Pa., 1936), p. 182, quoted in Nathan Glazer, American Judaism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957), pp. 43-44. 2. John Higham, Strangers in the Land (New York: Atheneum, 1963), p. 26. 3. B'nai B'rith, Historical Sketch of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith in District Number Four (San Francisco: Committee on Golden Jubilee, 1905), p. 5. 4. Selig Adler and Thomas E. Connolly, From Ararat to Suburbia (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1960), p. 117. > Home | TOC | Index Notes I 259 5. Ismar Schorsch, Jewish Reactions to German Anti-Semitism, 1870-1914 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1972), pp. 54-55. 6. Moritz Ellinger, History of Washington Lodge No. 19, Independent Order B'nai B'rith (New York: Chambers, 1904), p. 2. 7. Jehuda Reinharz, Fatherland or Promised Land: The Dilemma of the German Jew, 1893-1914 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1975), p. 28. 8. Alfred Goldschmidt, "Der Orden Bnei Briss," Das Deutche Judentum, p. 48...