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Illustrations 1. Two elderly Jews outside their home in the me/lii~ of Safi, 15 1949 2. A talmud to ra in Marrakesh 20 3. A letter from the Moroccan government to merchants in Mog- 22 dor, 1882 4. Two Sultanic !-ahlrs concerning the Jewish community of 55 Demnat, 1885 5. A letter of the Ouezzan community seeking the aid of the 56 Alliance, 1908 6. Letter of the Marrakesh Jewish community to the Alliance, 57 1893 7. Letter from Joseph Samuel Abulafia to Adolphe Cremieux 88 asking the AIU to open schools in Mazagan, 1877 8. Teachers from the past: Abraham Pimienta 90 9. Abraham Ribbi 91 10. MOIse Nahom 94 11. Salomon Benoliel 95 12. Adele Israel 96 13. The founding of the AIU schools in Mazagan, attended by 97 Europeans, Jewish and Muslim leaders, 1907 14. The Debdou letter of Community leaders, thanking the Alli- 120 ance for economic assistance to the community's poor, 1903 15. The leaders of the Fez Jewish community thanking the A Iliance 123 for contributions for providing food and eliminating hunger caused by a drastic rise in the cost of living, 1903 16. Sultanic !-Ohlr dated 20 Rajab 1331 (June 25, 1913), granting 155 the Alliance a parcel of land for the creation of schools in Fez 17. Yomtov D. Semach, AIU Delegate, 1924-1940 166 18. Reuben Tajouri, AIU Delegate, 1940-1960 184 xiii xiv Illustrations 19. Reactions of Amram Elmaleh, Boys' School director of Fez, 200 to early Zionist activities in Morocco, March, 1911 20. Zeimig Spivacoff, physician and Zionist 205 21. Samuel D. Levy, leader of Moroccan Zionism 219 22. Teachers of the Alliance 233 23. The Ecole Normale Hebralque in 1951 247 24. Rabbi Yishaq Rouche, director of the Ecole Normale Hebraj:· que 248 25. The ORT-A/U Technical School of Ain Sebaa 260 26. A/U pupils in Marrakesh, 1936 266 27. The A/U Girls' School of Tangier during the 1920s 267 28. The William Oualid A/U-Community School, 1952 268 29. Milk distribution at the Gourrama A/U School 272 30. Jewish children at Tazenakht 274 31. A sample of the Jewish program for the talmud to ra schools 327 based on the decisions of the educational reform commission ...

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