Crime and Criminal Justice in Israel

Cover

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Title Page, Copyright

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Table of Contents

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pp. v-vi

Preface

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pp. vii-xiii

Part 1

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1 THE STUDY OF CRIME AND SOCIAL CONTROL IN ISRAEL: SOME THEORETICAL OBSERVATIONS

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pp. 3-25

Crime and deviance have rarely been considered in Israel as social problems. Thus, issues relating to crime and control generated only scant debates in the parliament (Knesset) where political debate was mainly a response to waves of personal and national fears of specific crimes such as the use of illicit drugs and vandalism in schools (see Ben-Yehuda, 1990) and more recently ...

2 PATTERNED DEVIANCE

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pp. 27-42

Patterned deviance is the widespread violation of accepted norms by ordinary persons-that is, persons who are not normally called deviant. The first to draw attention to this phenomenon was Merton (1949), who called it the "institutionalized evasion of institutional rules." Some years later Williams (1959:348ff.) coined the term patterned evasions for the covert ...

3 CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN ISRAEL

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pp. 43-61

This chapter provides a brief overview of criminal justice services in Israel. I prefer to use the term criminal justice services over the more commonly used American term criminal justice system because it is very problematic to view criminal ...

Part 2

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4 CRIMINAL STATISTICS

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pp. 65-78

Prior to discussing the crime figures and what they mean for Israel it is helpful to provide a comparative perspective between Israel and other countries. As Table 4.1 and Figure 4.1 below point out, Israel occupies a relatively high rank (when all ...

5 JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

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pp. 79-96

Juvenile delinquents are minors who commit crimes. The Hebrew terminology does not distinguish (in this context) between juvenile offenders, delinquents, or juvenile criminals. Status offenses-acts considered offenses only for minors-hardly exist in ...

6 CRIMES OF VIOLENCE IN ISRAEL: THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL PERSPECTIVES

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pp. 97-120

This chapter presents a macrolevel analysis of violent crime in Israel. In this analysis I will examine the relationship between patterns of violent crime and a number of features that are unique to Israeli reality. ...

7 ORGANIZED CRIME IN ISRAEL

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pp. 121-138

As in many places in the Western world, especially in the U.S., three features surrounded the issue of organized crime in Israel. First, the semantic squabbles about the definition of organized crime, mainly the failure to clarify the distinction between organized criminality and organized crime. Organized crime is one type of organized criminality. Organized criminality contains ...

8 POLITICAL VIOLENCE: POLITICAL ASSASSINATIONS AS A QUEST FOR JUSTICE¹

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pp. 139-181

Political violence can assume many forms and shapes. This chapter is focused on one particular form: political assassinations. Taking people's life against their wish-killing-is referred to ...

Part 3

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9 CRIMINAL LAW IN ISRAEL

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pp. 185-205

At the time of the establishment of the state, the principal legislation in the area of criminal law was the criminal code ordinance of 1936, enacted by the British mandatory legislator and adopted by the Israeli legislator by virtue of the Law ...

10 POLICE AND POLICE REFORM IN ISRAEL: THE FORMATIVE ROLE OF THE STATE¹

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pp. 207-241

As an institution symbolizing state legitimacy and governance in a society struggling with immense social cleavages, economic difficulties, and security threats, the Israel National Police, from its inception in 1948, has been attempting to respond to communal and individual needs. At the same time, it h as attempted to foster and preserve ...

Part 4

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11 PUNISHMENT, PRISONERS' RIGHTS, AND PARDONS

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pp. 245-274

The Israeli criminal trial consists of a two-stage process. After conviction, further witnesses may be called to attest to the defendant's character, and provide information that will be of use to the judge in determining the sentence. Most of such character witnesses will be called by the defense, and only very rarely ...

12 THE ISRAELI PRISON SYSTEM

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pp. 275-313

When the state of Israel was established in 1948, the task of state-building was relatively easy. In what had been until then Palestine, ruled by the British as a quasicolony under the League of Nations mandate, the Jewish community had gradually established autonomous representative bodies like the national committee and the Jewish agency. These had ...

13 JUVENILE AND ADULT PROBATION IN ISRAEL

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pp. 315-336

... In Israel, prisons are not considered part of the correctional services, but the youth protection authority (which administers institutions for juvenile delinquents) is part of these services. Thus, when a court convicts an offender, the penalty can be served as part of "community-based corrections." These extrainstitutional correctional services are expected to offer "correcting" assistance to the convicted offender, while serving the ...

14 REHABILITATION EFFORTS IN THE ISRAEL PRISON SERVICE

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pp. 337-355

Theoreticians and practitioners debate the question whether a prison should, or even can, actually "correct" its inmates. The issue of rehabilitating criminals is much disputed, leaving little room for consensus within the different concerned groups (philosophers, criminologists, psychologists, social workers, jurists, ...

Part 5

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15 VICTIMOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ISRAEL : PAST AND CURRENT PERSPECTIVES¹

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pp. 359-387

Israel has played quite a significant role in the development of victimology as an independent scientific field of inquiry. First, we are honored to have among us one of the founding fathers of victimology, Beniamin Mendelsohn, who, in his relentless efforts and writings since 1937, has greatly contributed to the evolution of ...

Part 6

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16 ASSESSING THE KNOWLEDGE-BASE TOWARD THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

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pp. 391-417

The collection presented in this book offers more than a mere assembly of information concerning criminal justice in Israel. Unlike most criminal justice texts, the subjects covered here have the advantage of being written by the same authors who produced this knowledge in Israel and the chapters have the additional advantage of introducing theoretically based empirical data. ...

Contributors

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pp. 419-422

Index

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pp. 423-437

Back Cover

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p. 453-453