Interest Groups and Political Change in Israel

Notes

Notes zyxwvutsrponmlkihgfedcbaWVUTSRQP Chapter 1 1. Benjamin Akzin, ‫״‬ The Role of Parties in Israeli Democracy‫׳‬ ‫׳‬ zyxwvutsrqponmlkjih Journal of Politics, XVII (November 1955), 509. 2. David B. Truman, The Governmental Process: Political Interests and Public Opinion (2nd ed., New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1971), p. xxi. 3. Samuel H. Beer, "Group Representation in British and American Democracy,‫״‬ The Annals of the American Academy of Political Science, LLLXIX (September 1958), 138. 4. For those who follow this method, see: Gabriel A. Almond, ‫״‬ Research Note: A Comparative Study of Interest Groups and the Political Process,‫״‬ American Political Science Review, LII (March 1958); Truman, Governmental Pro­ cess‫׳‬ , and Graham Wootton, Interest Groups (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice­Hall, Inc., 1970), especially p. 47. 5. Samuel H. Beer, British Politics in the Collectivist Age (New York: Vin­ tage Books, 1969). 6. For a basic explication of the strong party model, see Samuel P Hun­ tington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968). 7. Robert A. Dahl, Pluralist Democracy in the United States: Conflict and Consent (Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1967), p. 24. For the pluralist model, see Ibid.‫׳‬ , and also Robert A. Dahl, Who Governs? (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961); and Truman, Governmental Process. 8. For theorizations on corporatism, see: Suzanne Berger, ed., Organizing Interests in Western Europe: Pluralism, Corporatism, and the Transformation of Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981); Gerhard Lehmbruch, ‫״‬ Liberal Corporatism and Party Government,‫״‬ Comparative Political Studies, X (April 1977), 91­126; Leo Panitch, "The Development of Corporatism in 255 NOTES 256 Liberal Democracies,‫״‬ zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Comparative Political Studies, X (April 1977), 61­89; Leo Panitch, "Recent Theorizations of Corporatism; Reflections on a Growth Industry,‫״‬ British Journal of Sociology, XXXI (June 1980), 159­87; Leo Panitch, Social Democracy and Industrial Militancy: The Labour Party, the Trade Unions and Incomes Policy 1945­1974 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976), particularly the conclusion, pp. 235­59; and Leo Panitch, "Trade Unions and the Capitalist State‫״‬ New Left Review, n.v., No. 125 (January­February 1981), 21­44. Not all commentators on corporatism necessarily favor it as a decision­ making model. zyxwvutsrponmlkihgfedcbaWVUTSRQPONMLIHGFEDCBA Chapter 2 1. Leonard Fein, Israel: Politics and People (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1968), p. 71. 2. Ibidp. 93. 3. When I capitalize Government, I am referring to the Cabinet, and throughout this study I use the terms interchangeably. 4. For purposes of this discussion, government includes the local authorities and the Jewish Agency. This description of the government's exten­ sive role relies largely upon Howard Pack, Structural Change and Economic Policy in Israel (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971), pp. 141­68; Nadav Safran, The United States and Israel (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963), pp. 168­70; and Safran, Israel: The Embattled Ally, pp. 111­14. 5. For a description of the Histadrut's role, see S. N. Eisenstadt, Israeli Society (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1967), pp. 103­4; Fein, Israel: Politics and People, pp. 253­57; Foreign Area Studies of the American University, Area Handbook for Israel (Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1970), pp. 274­75; and Nadav Safran, Israel Today: A Profile, Headline Series, No. 170 (New York: Foreign Policy Association), p. 52. 6. On the shares in the economy of the different sectors, refer to Foreign Area Studies of the American University, Area Handbook for Israel, p. 275; "Israel, State of (Economic Affairs),‫״‬ Encyclopaedia Judaica, 1971, IX, col. 821; "Israel, State of (Economic Affairs),‫״‬ Encyclopaedia Judaica Decennial Yearbook, 1973­1982, pp. 372, 376; Manufacturers‫׳‬ Association, Manufacturers' Asso­ ciation of Israel, undated pamphlet; and Safran, The United States and Israel, p. 168. Chapter 3 1. For the multi­party view, refer to Akzin, "The Role of Parties in Israeli Democracy;‫״‬ Fein, Israel: Politics and People‫׳‬ , and Emanuel E. Gutmann, 257 zyxwvutsrq Notes ‫״‬ Israel,‫״‬ International Social Science Journal, XII, No. 1 (1960), 53­62; Emanuel E. Gutmann, ‫״‬ Israel,‫״‬ Journal of Politics, XXV (November 1963), 703­17; and Emanuel E. Gutmann, ‫״‬ Some Observations on Politics and Parties in Israel,‫״‬ India Quarterly, XVII (January­March 1961), 3­29. For those who stress the dominant party view refer to Alan Arian, The Choosing People (Cleveland: Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1973) and Peter Y. Medding, Mapai in Israel: Political Organization and Government in a New Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972). Safran in The United States and Israel (1963) speculates that Israel's system might gradually evolve into a modified two­party arrangement, but in Israel: The Embattled Ally...