Index Addams, Jane, 61, 179 Albee, Merton A., 78, 84, 88 Alcatraz, 98; comparison with Leavenworth , 127–28; description of, 105–7; escapes from, 109–10; history of, 105–7; manacling of prisoners at, 131–34; solitary confinement at, 108–9, 117–21, 125–28, 132–35; treatment of conscientious objectors at, 115–17, 128–30 Alexander II (Czar of Russia), 18 American Civil Liberties Union, 55, 222 American Defense Society, 146–47, 153 American Friends Service Committee, 62 American Protective League, 139, 142, 146 American Union Against Militarism, 55, 60 Amish, Old Order, 63, 202, 204–5 Anabaptism, 14–18 Ansell, Samuel T., 73, 136–37 Appropriations Act (1871), 46 Army, U.S.: censoring of correspondence , 28–30; deployment, 99; draft, 9, 56–57, 94; forced integration in, 57; mobilization of, 10; policies regarding conscientious objectors, 69–76, 99–101, 188–90; preparedness of, 53–54; singing in, 35, 113 Baker, Newton: and Alcatraz, 110; and conscientious objectors, xi–xii, 66– 69, 79, 187–88, 193, 195–99, 207, 215–19; and Leavenworth, 163–65; military credentials of, 54–55; and pacifism of, 55, 198; religious credentials of, 69–79; ties to pacifist sects, 56; on unification of Americans, 57–58 Baldwin, Roger N.: and conscientious objectors, 79, 93; and Hofer brothers , 176; and Leavenworth, 164; trial of, 184–85 Barry, John M., 175 Bates, Sanford, 133 Benner, Rhine W., 144 Benson, Egbert, 62 Berta, Charlie, 132–34 Bettman, Alfred, 144 262 Index Bible, 14–15; and conscientious objectors , 202, 204–6; and Hofer brothers and Jacob Wipf, ix, 2, 5, 6, 94, 160; and Hutterites, 94, 213; and Fort Leavenworth, 168, 170; in verse citation, 8, 17; and Woodrow Wilson, 70 Bielaski, A.B., 143 Blaurock, Georg, 15 Board of Inquiry, 75–76, 100–103, 181, 190–91, 204, 209, 216–17 Bon Homme Colony (South Dakota), 47, 225 Bontrager, Mannasses E., 139–40 Brown, Albert P., 207–8 Buckles, Frank, 226 Budget, The, 139, 144 Bureau of Investigation, 142 Burleson, Albert S., 146 Camp Cody (New Mexico), 93, 196 Camp Dodge (Iowa), 142, 144 Camp Funston (Kansas), 6, 23, 39, 89, 93, 172, 181, 183; treatment of conscientious objectors at, 36–38, 71–72, 177–78, 190–92 Camp Gordon (Georgia), 101 Camp Greenleaf (Georgia), 165 Camp Humphreys (Virginia), 94 Camp Jackson (South Carolina), 142 Camp Lee (Virginia), 93 Camp Lewis (Kansas): construction of, 24–25; enlistment and assignment cards at, 31, 80; entertainment at, 35; financing of, 24–25; food served at, 26; organizational units, 32; personnel , 27; training at, 33–34; transportation to, 27 Camp Meade (Maryland), 68, 73, 93, 218 Camp Pike (Arkansas), 142 Camp Riley (Kansas), 142 Camp Taylor (Kentucky), 93, 165 Camp Travis (Texas), 93, 190 Camp Upton (New York), 73 Capper, Arthur, 151 Castelli, Elizabeth A., 16 Castle Williams, 186 Chandler, Thomas A., 198 Christadelphians, 102 Chronicle of the Hutterian Brethren, 16, 176 Churchill, Marlborough, 143 Church of the Brethren, 62, 205 Civilian Public Service (CPS), 220–21 Civil War, U.S., 60 Clark, William, 34 Clarke, William V., 31, 80–81 Claxton, Philander P., 11 Coburn, Harol D., 79, 83–84 Committee on Public Information, 145–46 Communal Land Sales Prohibition Act, 225 Communal Societies Act, 225 Congress, U.S.: and conscription, 63–64; war declared by, 57 conscientious objectors: claims filed for status, 206–7; depth of conviction, 218–19; intelligence of, 204–5; numbering of prisoners, 169 Cooke, Jay, 42 Cooprider, George, 150 Cooprider, Walter, 150–51 Council of Defense, 10, 142, 177, 211 Creel, George, 145–46 Crowder, Enoch H., 9, 56–57, 199 Dade, A.L., 201 Danforth, William, 19–22, 30 [54.226.222.183] Project MUSE (2024-03-19 08:55 GMT) Index 263 Dariusleut, 46 Dean, Steward J., 81 Debs, Eugene, 140–41 Dent, Stanley H. Jr., 54, 194 DeSilver, Albert, 195 Diener, Charles, 150–51 Diener, Daniel, 150–51 Doolittle, Dudley, 192 draft, U.S., 64–65; exemptions from, 8–9, 58–59, 61–64, 73–74; farm furlough , 73, 100, 102–3 Dunham, Arthur, 167–71, 172 Dunkards, 202, 205 Eighth Amendment, 224 Employment Division v. Smith, 223 Entz, John J., 92 Episcopal Church, 61 Espionage Act (1917), viii, 139, 141, 146–47, 153 Ewert, David, 193 Ewert, Jacob G., 153–55, 192–95, 208–9 Fairview Mennonite Church, 152–53 Fish, Hamilton, 43–44 Ford, Henry, 147 Fort Andrews (Massachusetts), 125 Fort Jay (New York), 105, 125, 185–87 Fort Leavenworth (Kansas), 90, 105; comparison with Alcatraz, 127–28; description...