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adultery: of men, 58, 60–65; Perictione I on, 57, 60, 64; Theano II on, 90–91; of women, 63–64 Aesara: date of, xiv; “On Human Nature,” 99–102, 118–19; origin of, 41, 45, 49 Aeschines, 35 akousmatikoi, 119, 120 Alcman, 27, 107 Alexandria, 48, 54, 63 Alexis, xiii, 45 Allen, Prudence, 99 Anaximander and Anaximenes of Miletus, 8 Antigonus Gonatas, 44, 51 appearance. See clothing and dress; cosmetics; jewelry Archytas of Tarentum, 87, 117, 119 Aretaic ethics, 129, 164n43 Arignota: date of, xiv; as daughter of Pythagoras, 5, 28; origin of, 41, 49; texts of, 161n55 Aristaeus, 6 Aristocleia, 10 Aristotle: on exercise, 13; on friendship, 126; Metaphysics, 121–22; Neopythagorean women compared to, 123–25; Nicomachean Ethics, 123, 125, 128, 130, 135; as Peripatetic, 42; on pleasure, 129–30; on sexual division of labor, 112; on slaves, 85; table of opposites, 10, 120, 121; view of women by, 10, 67–68, 124; will of, 50 Aristoxenus of Tarentum: Elements of Harmony, 95–96; on female contemporaries of Pythagoras, xx; as philosopher, 136; Ptolemäis on, 98, 137; on Pythagoreans from Phlius, 7; as source, 9, 11 Arsinoë II, 44 Artemis Brauronia, 35 Aspasia, xiii Athens, women of, xvi–xvii, 45 Attic koine: letters in Egypt in, xv; of Melissa, 102; of Theano II, 77, 81, 84, 88, 94 authenticity of texts, xxi, 49–53 Babelyca, 7 Bagnall, Roger S., 54, 55 bathing, 74, 116 beauty of women, 22, 102–3, 108–9 Bentley, Richard, xxi, xxii Berenice III, 44 Bilistiche, xiii, 63 Bitale, xiii, 7, 8, 9, 39 Boeo, 7 Brontinus, xvii, xx, 5 Burkert, Walter, xxi, 42, 68, 120 Callicrates, 104 Callisto, Theano II letter to, 83–88, 130–31, 132–35 Carter, Joseph Coleman, xvii character, role and development of, 129–30 Cheilonis, xiii, 5, 10 Cheilon the Lacedaemonian, 5 children: bathing, 74; legitimacy of, 108; Pythagoras speech to, 26–28; raising of, 78–80, 111–16, 129–30; regulations regarding, 22–26. See also parents and children Chrysippus, 93 Cleachma, 7, 10, 26 Cleareta, Melissa letter to, 58, 102–3, 128 i n d e x Page numbers in italics refer to figures and maps. 168  Index Cleobuline, 67 Cleomenes, 5 clothing and dress: of hetairai, 88, 159n13; Melissa on, 102–3; Neopythagorean women on, 58–59; Perictione I on, 72; Phintys on, 106; Plutarch on, 57–58; purple, 75; of Pythagoreans, 13, 33–34, 107– 8; of women of Croton, 34–35. See also jewelry concubines (pallakai), 20, 62, 89, 90 conjugal relations, 21–22, 23, 24, 56–58 contextual approach to ethics, 130–32 cosmetics, 57–58, 88, 102, 108–9 cosmic order, Pythagorean view of, 120, 121, 131, 137 courtesans, 62, 89–90. See also hetairai Cratesicleia, 5, 10, 78 Crates the Cynic, 26, 50, 51 Cratinus, 45 Cribiore, Raffaella, 54, 55 Croton: as Achaean colony, xvi; address to women of, 20–21; beauty of women of, 22; Museo Archeologico Statale at, 33; Pythagoras in, xix; relations with native villages, 1; violence against young men of, 16, 18; worship of Hera at, 29–32, 30, 31, 32 cults of female divinities, 109. See also Cybele, cult of; Hera Cybele, cult of, 48, 106, 109–10 Damo: date of, xiii; as daughter of Pythagoras, 5, 28; economic status of, 47; as first among girls, 27; memoranda of Pythagoras and, 7 dating of Neopythagorean texts, 42–44, 49 daughters, 26–29 daughters of Pythagoras. See Arignota; Damo; Myia (daughter of Pythagoras) dedications to goddesses, 33–39 Deino, xx, 5, 64 Demaratus, 15 Demeter, dedications to, 37–38 Demetrius of Phalerum, 59 Democritus, 68 Demosthenes, 35 dialect. See Doric dialect; Ionic dialect Dicaearchus, xxi–xxii Didymus, 6, 97 diet of Pythagoreans, 12–13 Diogenes Laertius of Cilicia: on akousmata, 119; on Parmenides, 94; as source, xx; on Theano, xxi, 5, 6, 67 Diophila, 51 divorce in Greek society, 53 Dorian women, xvi–xvii, 1 Doric dialect: of Aesara, 99; of Melissa, 99; of Myia, 111; of Perictione I, 69; of Perictione II, 110; use of, xv, 48 double standard of sexual behavior: in Greek society, 60–61, 125; Perictione I on, 75, 127–28; Pythagoras on, 19, 20; Theano II on, 125–26 Eccelo, 1, 5, 26 Echecrateia, 7 education of women. See literacy of women Egypt, letters in, xv, 54–56 Erinna, xxii; “The Distaff,” 52 eros, effects of, 69 ethics, contextual approach to, 130–32 Euboule, Theano II letter to, 77–80, 87, 129–30 Euclides, 41 Euripides, 75, 92 Eurydice...

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