The Empire of the Self: Self-Command and Political Speech in Seneca and Petronius

Notes

Notes Introduction 1. There is also another series of letters by Seneca from Campania, Ep. 70–87, perhaps documenting a later trip; see Ker 2009a, 345n49. On Seneca’s problematic relationship to travel, see Lavery 1980; and Montiglio 2006. For an analysis of Seneca’s travels to various villas, see Tosi 1974–75 and Henderson 2004; on Seneca’s trip through the Crypta Neapolitana, see Henderson 2006. On the location of the Satyricon , see K. Rose 1971; Sullivan 1968b, 46–47; and D’Arms 1981, 105. 2. On the difficulties of deciphering Petronius’ full name, see Rankin 1965, 233n3; and Courtney 2001, 5–7. Tacitus writes, “de C. Petronio pauca supra repetenda sunt” (Ann. 16.18.1). Pliny the Elder mentions a T. Petronius (HN 37.20), as does Plutarch (Mor. 60e). Macrobius calls him “Arbiter” (In Somn. 1.2.8). Several manuscripts refer to him as “Petronii Arbitri Satyricon,” but as Courtney (2001, 7) points out, Arbiter is a slave name that becomes the cognomen of a freedmen. It may have been transferred to his name by an identification with the Tacitus passage. The author of the Satyricon has also been identified as the consul suffect for May–September 62 CE, T. Petronius Niger ; see K. Rose 1971, 50. Against this identification see Courtney 2001, 7 and n1; and Griffin 1984, 272n3. For an overview of the problems in determining authorship, see Prag and Repath 2009, 5–10. For a full list of the ancient and medieval testimonia, see Müller’s 4th edition (1995), which is primarily used throughout. For the Latin text of Seneca’s letters and dialogues, I follow primarily Reynolds 1965 and 1977. Unless otherwise indicated, all translations are my own. 3. There are several more connections between Seneca’s first group of letters from Campania and the Satyricon. Specific locations in Campania are mentioned by Seneca in Ep. 49.1, 51.1, 53.1, 55.2, 55.7 (2x), 55.8, and 57.1 and by Petronius in Sat. 53.2, 53.5, 53.10, and frag. 16 Bücheler; ballplayers in the local baths, in Ep. 56.1 and Sat. 27.2–3; villas as homes of the dead, in Ep. 55.4, 6 and Sat. 72.10–73.1, 78.4–5 and throughout the Cena; references to Ulysses and Aeneas, in Ep. 53.3 (quoting Verg., Aen. 6.3, 3.277), Ep. 53.4 and 56.12–13 (quoting Aen. 2.726–29), Ep. 56.15, and Sat. 39.3 (Trimalchio quoting Aen. 2.44). In the later sections of the Satyricon, Encolpius frequently uses Odyssean motifs, such as Ulysses and the Cyclops, Sat. 97.4–5, 98.5, 101.5; the Sirens, Sat. 127.5; and Cicre and Polyaenus, Sat. 127.7. Another key point of contact between both oeuvres is economic themes, on which see chapter 6 below. 4. For chaos as the key theme of the Satyricon, see Zeitlin 1971. For Petronius as the “immoral immoralist” compared with Seneca the “immoral moralist,” see Rudich 1997. For an overview of the various recent attempts to provide an overarching interpretation of the Satyricon, see Schmeling 1994; and Rimell 2002, 1–5. 216 Notes to Pages 2–11 5. On the Satyricon’s relationship to Pliny the Elder’s encyclopedic Natural History, see Connors 1998, 145–46; yet it can also be related to the imperialistic cataloging drive of Seneca’s Natural Questions, on which see chapters 3 (Encolpius and Hostius Quadra) and 5 (winds inside the earth and winds inside the human body; dangers of digging inside the earth in tension with the need to understand human insides). 6. See the essays in Volk and Williams 2006 and Bartsch and Wray 2009. 7. For an overview of the debate about the newness of Seneca’s concept of the self, see Bartsch and Wray 2009, 3–19. 8. See, e.g., Foucault 1986, 61–68; Wistrand 1990; Edwards 1997; M. Wilson 1997; and Ker 2009b. 9. See Goldhill 1995; McGlathery 1998; and P. A. Miller 1998. 10. William James, quoted in Douglas 1966, 165. 11. Sullivan 1968b, 211–12; see also 255. See as well Bagnani 1954, 69; Walsh 1974, 190; Sullivan 1985, 160–61, 172–79; and Panayotakis 1995, 195–96. On Petronius’ Epicureanism , see Raith 1963. 12. For a list of studies of the parallels between Seneca and Petronius on which Sullivan bases his analyses, dating from as early as the mid-nineteenth century, see Sullivan 1968b, 195n1. 13...