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277 index Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. Abd al-Rahman I, 107, 118 Abd al-Rahman III, 108 Abu ‘Inan Faris, 31 Abū Shāmah, 202, 207 Abū Turāb, 199 Achilles, 153–54, 155, 159–60, 169 Acre, 41, 138, 142, 237, 241, 245 activist martyrdom, 51 actualization of scripture, 180 adab literature, 29 Adhémar of Monteil (bishop of Le Puy), 99, 112, 117, 133 Adso of Montier-en-Der, 77, 78–79 Aeneid (Virgil), 149–50, 151–52, 155, 159, 166 ‘aja’ib literature, 29, 30–33 Albert of Aachen, 182–83 Alexander III (pope), 234–35 Alexander the Great, 150 Alexander the Minorite, 180 Alexius IV Angelos, 219 Alfonso VII (king of Castile), 110, 111 Alphandéry, Paul, 71 al-Amı̄n, Hasan, 205–6, 207–8 Andrea Dandolo, 223 Andronicus II, 44–45 Anselm of Lucca, 179 Anselm of Ribemont, 1, 5 Anthony Sicci, 240 Antioch, 134–37, 135, 136, 140, 141 apocalypticism and crusade: images of, 72, 82; overview of, 70–71, 73, 76– 77, 85, 87–89 al-Aqsa Mosque, 116, 117, 130 Aquitaine, churches of, 100, 112 arches, banded. See voussoirs, alternating architecture: on crusader seals, 256; to evoke memory, 113–14; Late Antique, 105–6, 109, 110; Romanesque, 100, 104–5, 112–14, 115–16. See also voussoirs, alternating archives, translation of, 237 Aristotle, Poetics, 152–53 ars memoria, tradition of, 9 Ashkenazic Jews: during First and Second Crusades, 50, 59–61; martyrdom of, 51–56; narrative texts of, 50–51 al-Ashraf, 245 Assmann, Aleida, 6 Assmann, Jan, 6 Augustine, 9, 71, 156, 177–78, 180 Augustus, 79–80, 80, 81 Bachrach, community of, 58 Bāhā’ al-Dı̄n Ibn Shaddād, 197 Baldric of Dol, 114, 181, 182 Baldwin (archbishop of Canterbury), 184–85 Baldwin II (king of Jerusalem), 240, 247n17 Bartolphe de Nangis, 69, 79 Bedos-Rezak, Brigitte, 253 Belvoir, castle of, 234 Benoît de Saint-Maure, Roman de Troie, 151, 153–55, 156, 159, 163, 169 Bernard of Clairvaux, 60, 99–100, 102, 240 Binding of Isaac (Akedat Yitzhak), 52, 58–59 Boas, Adrian J., 33 bodies: alignment of cities and, 166; of Caiphas, 158–59; on medieval seals, 254–56, 255; of Oedipus and twin sons, 160–61; as sacred mediators, 278 Index bodies (cont.) 44–45; of saints, translation of, 215– 16, 217, 224, 225; Six Ages model and, 83; suspended, 164–70. See also male body Boethius, philosophy of, 152 Bohemond of Taranto, 70, 88–89, 133, 134–35 The Book of John Mandeville, 151 Book of Lamentations, 176, 184, 185 Book of Revelation, 177 Bordeaux,alternatingvoussoirsof,104–5 boundaries, invisible and visible, 33–40, 42–44 buildings. See architecture; voussoirs, alternating; and specific buildings Caiphas, 158–59 Caoursin, William, 235 Capystranus, 164, 166–67, 168 Carruthers, Mary, 9 cemeteries of fallen crusaders, visits to, 126–27 Charlemagne, 4, 105, 164, 165 Chastel Pèlerin, 240, 241 Chazan, Robert, 59–60, 62–63n4, 65n15, 66n20 Children’s Crusade, 2–3 chivalry, 212–13n55 Christians: filth of, 37, 41, 45; monasticism of, 44; Saladin and, 205; seduction of Muslims by, 36–38, 39; in Sicily , 38–40 Chronology of the Dead Masters, 241– 42 Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem: commemoration of missals from, 125– 27; dedication of, 127; in First Crusade , 114; knights attached to, 239; medieval seals and, 256; Peter the Hermit at, 132, 133; polychrome masonry of, 116–17 El Cid, 111 Ci dit des bulles que le maistre et las autre baillis del hospital, 255–56 cities: biblical allusions to, 174–77; bodies as metonym of, 166; identified as female, 151; openness of, postcrusade , 41; siege and fall of, 146–47; translatio imperii and, 150. See also specific cities The City of God (Augustine), 71, 156, 177–78 Claverie, Pierre-Vincent, 241 Clermont, council of, 3 Cluny, monks of, 110–11 commemoration: burden of, 7; calls for, 1–2; of conquest of Jerusalem by First Crusade, 125–32, 138–40, 140, 141, 142; of crusades, 8–9; for Jerusalem, 128, 131, 132; in Jerusalem, 116–17; of July 15, 125–27, 132, 137; purpose of, 131 communities: bodily suffering on behalf of, 164, 165; erasure of, 159; poetic lament for, 57–58; variety of memories within, 10–11. See also Ashkenazic Jews Constantinople, 42–44, 129, 134, 166, 216, 217–18 conversion, to Christianity, 58 crusades: Alfonso VII and, 111; apocalyptic , 70–71, 88–89; in architecture, 100, 102; Children’s, 2–3; definitions...

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