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9/11. See September 11 attacks Abu Ghraib. See under Iraq War Acheson, Dean, ix Achille Lauro, 296 actionable intelligence. See intelligence Adams, John Quincy, 212 Adams, Sherman, 79 Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction. See Gilmore Commission Afghanistan, 411–12; al-Qa’ida and, 411; opium trade, 415; Pakistan and, 411; public opinion and, 343; regional analysis, 397–416; Soviet invasion of, 57, 406, 466; ungoverned territory in, 329 Afghanistan War, 430; covert action and, 155; International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), 494; Japan and, 384; military commissions and, 105; North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 494; technology in, 43, 68, 318; war powers and, 120 Africa, 443–60; Bush administration and, 454–56; China and, 457; Forum on China and African Cooperation, 458; health issues, 245; history of U.S. involvement, 448–50; human security and, 454–56; poverty and, 445; Soviet Union and, 449 Africa Command (AFRICOM), 183, 459, 553 Africa Union Standby Force, 452 African Civic Action Program, 453 African Coastal Security Program, 453 African Contingency Operations Training Assistance, 451 African Crisis Response Initiative, 451 African Growth and Opportunity Act, 454 African Union (AU), 449, 451, 452, 539, See also Organization of the African Union (OAU) Agency for International Development, 177, 541; Africa and, 454 Agriculture, Department of, and pandemic influenza, 137 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 354, 420, 439, 562 AIDS, and India, 404 Air Force: creation of, 45; flexible response and, 52; post–Cold War reductions, 59 aircraft: C-17 Globemaster transport, 110; F/A-22 Raptor fighter, 110 Akhbar, Syed, 411 Al Aqsa intifada, 419, 437 Al Hurra radio and TV, 241 Alfonsin, Raúl, 527 Algeria, and al-Qa’ida, 299 Allen, Richard, 84 Allende, Salvador, 93 alliances, 279–81; capability analysis and, 274; coalitions of the willing compared with, 281 Allison, Graham, 214, 227 645 Index 646 Index all-volunteer force, 36; constraint on use of, 278; counterinsurgency and, 339 al-Qa’ida, 120, 130, 149, 300–303; affiliates and associates, 299; Afghan Arabs and, 300; Algeria and, 299; al-Qa’ida central, 299; Chechnya and, 299; Declaration of Jihad, 301; energy security and, 566; Gulf War and, 301; Islam and, 543; Islamist terrorism and, 566–67; Jihad magazine, 300; local groups, 299; near enemy and far enemy, 301; network, 300; nuclear weapons policy and, 355; oil and, 427; origins of, 300; Pakistan and, 299, 403–4; Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat, 456; Saudi Arabia and, 301; weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and, 294, 561 American-Israel Political Action Committee (AIPAC), 423 American Israel Public Affairs Committee, 210 American Red Cross, 142 American Revolution, 31, 103, 105 Amsterdam Treaty, 504 anarchy, 11 Andean nations, 512 Andean Trade Preference Expansion Act, 260 Andropov, Yuri, 467 Angola, and Ford administration, 449 Annan, Kofi, 452 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, 115, 234, 239, 356, 360, 476 antisatellite weapons, 56 ANZUS. See Australia–New Zealand–U.S. Treaty (ANZUS) Arab-Israeli conflict, 427, 434–38; peace process, 237 Arafat, Yassir, 429, 435 Argentina, 527–28 Arias, Oscar, 522 Aristide, Jean-Bertrand, 116 Armando de Almeida Ribeiro, Jorge, 530 arms control, 355–57; Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, 356; confidence-building measures, 356; Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, 58, 356, 491; International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 357; Limited Test Ban Treaty, 356; Nuclear NonProliferation Treaty, 356; Stockholm Conference, 356; Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), 356; Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, 58, 356, 471; Threshold Test Ban Treaty, 356 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), 355 Arms Export Control Act, 111 arms sales, and Congress, 110–12 Army, 73; Continental, 31; counterinsurgency and, 338–41; dwell time, 340; flexible response and, 52, 53; increase to, 339; junior officers, 340; post–Cold War reductions, 59; reserve components, 31; size of, 339 Arnett, Peter, 300 arsenal of democracy, 315 Art, Robert, 275 Articles of Confederation, 170 Asian financial crisis, 257; China and, 381; International Monetary Fund (IMF) and, 381 Aspin, Les, 112 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 235, 389–92, 539; trade with, 371 assured destruction, 54 asymmetric threats, 291–97; information systems and, 292; organizational, 294 Aum Shinrikyo, 125, 298 Australia, 49; Australia–New Zealand–U.S. Treaty (ANZUS), 375; San Francisco System, 374; Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 375 Australia–New Zealand–U.S. Treaty (ANZUS), 49, 279, 375 axis of evil, 431 Aylwin-Foster, Nigel, 338 Bahrain, and free trade agreement, 248 balance of power, 32; theory, 18 Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS), 360 Bangladesh, 398; al...

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