A Theory of Parties and Electoral Systems

Index

Index ACLL See Italian Association of Christian Workers Alliances, interparty, 29, 34 Eire, 8O-SI Italy, 142 Ameodola, Giorgio, 113 Andreotti Giulio, 112 Australia electoral system, 38-39 voter turnout, 135 Austria electoral system, 38-39 AvantH, 93 Belgium electoral formula and number of parties, 140 Bow Group, 103 Campaign, electoral finance,. 90-92 party cohesion and* 9 organization, 88-93 district magnitude and, 31, 33 intraparty choice and* 31-32^ 34 resources, 32* 34, 54, 57, 88-93, 131 techniques, 87-90 Canada election results, 133-36 electoral system, 38-39 Canvassing for election, 30-31, 89 for nomination, 98 Career advancement, 7-8, 9 Case studies, 10 Categoric choice, 28-29 Catholic Action, 93, 109-10, 112 COIL, 109, HI CISL, 109, 111 Citizen duty, 145 Clarity as indicator of issue orientation, 48-50 Colley, George, 11 3 Cottivatori diretti, 109, 112 Coiumbo, Emilia, 142 Communism weakness of, in Britain, 2 Competitive constellation, 66, 70 Compromesso stance, 109 Confederation of British Industry, 93 Consistency as indicator of ideology, 46 Cosgrave, Liam, 106 Cosgrave, W. T.t 105-6 DeMartino, Francesco, 110 Democracy elections and, 1-2 modern, defined, 1-2 Denmark electoral formula and number of parties, 140 electoral system, 38-39 intraparty choice, 40 deValera, Eamon, 105 Direct primary Costa Rica, 134 United States, 8, 3 1 Disraeli, Benjamin, 2 District boundaries and plurality election, 64, 140 District magnitude, 30, 4$ campaign organization and, 31 Eire, 62 Great Britain, 61 ideology and, 31, 33 147 148 Index District magnitude (coot.) issue orientation and,30, 33, 36, 48-52, 139 Italy, 63^-64 localism and, 30, 48 number of parties, competitive constellations , and, 311 33, 67 party cohesion and, 34 patronage and,30, 33 Doctrinism as indicator of ideology, 47 Donat-Cattin, Carlo, 11 1 Economic approach, See Rationalistic paradigm Eire Blueshirts, 105 campaign organization, 89-90, 94, 105 campaign resources, 85-93 Center party, 105 Cumann na nGaedheal, 105-6 election results, 72-73 electoral system, 38-39, 40, 61-62 Fianna Fail, 105-6 intraparty choice, 82 leadership selection, 113-14 Fine Gael, 105-6 coalition with Labour, 80-81, 106 factionalism, 56 ideological style, 44, 45 issue orientation, 50, 51, 52 issue positions, 44 interparty alliances, 80-81 intraparty choice, 79-83 iutraparty turnover, 71-73 issues, 86, 106 nationalization of electoral change, 70-7 1 nomination, 79-80, 105 criteria, 95, 97 process, 95 number of parties and competitive constellations, 67 parties cohesion* 108 issue orientation, 5, 107-8 representation, 108 social bases of support, 106 proportionality and interpartyturnover, 68-70 Sinn FeJn, 105 transfer of votes, 80-8 1 Elections free, 1 Electoral behavior, 18-19 Electoral formula, 20^21, 40 ideology and,21-28, 33, 36, 40-4S interparty turnover and, 68-70 number of parties, competitive constellations , and, 47, 65-68 proportionality and, 20-21, 68-70 representation and, 1 20-22 Electoral law. See Electoral system Electoral system electoral law,19-20, 32-33, 64 district magnitude, 30-3 1 electoral formula, 20-21, 40 intraparty electoral choice, 31-32, 40 nature of choice, 28-29 party cohesion and,8, 9-10 rational action and, 13, 17-18 reform, 123 Epstein* Leon, 8 Extremism and ideology, 41-46 Fanfani, Amintore, 112 Federalism and party cohesion, 8 Finance. See Campaign, electoral Forfani, Arnaldo, 112 Forze Libere, 93 France Communist party cohesion, 56, 58 ideological style, 43, 44, 45 issue orientation, 50, 51, 52 issue positions, 54 electoral formula and numberof patties, 140 electoral system, 38-39 intraparty electoral choice, 40 Friends of Tribune, 103-4 Germany electoral formula, 139 electoral system, 38-39 Weimar Republic, 2 Gerrymander, 140 Giolitti, Antonio, 110 Oiorno, 11 93 Great Britain ballot, 61, 101, 139 campaign organization, 89-90, 92 campaign resources, 85-93 spending limitation, 90 Index 149 Conservative party, 101-4 cohesion, 6, 56, 58, 103-4 ideological style, 44, 45 issue orientation, 5®,51, 52 issue positions, 44, 101-2 election results, 72, 73 electoral system, 20, 38-39, 61 Independent Labour party, 114 issues, 86, 102-3 Labour party, 101-4 cohesion, 6, 103-4 nomination, 96-97 nationalization of electoral change, 70-71,87 nomination, 7, 94, 100 criteria, 95, 96-98 process, 94-95 number of parties and competitive constellations, 67 parliament, committees in, 103-4 parties, 61, 100-105 career advancement, 7 cohesion, 7-8, 103-4, 114 committees, 103 European Economic Community and, 102-3 groups...