Index 411 Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia , 44, 51, 56, 145 Agassiz, Alexander, 128, 239, 241 Agassiz, Louis, 28, 54, 127, 138, 239, 261, 275, 300, 342 n. 94 Albert asphaltum, 41–42, 45–48, 51–65, 173, 239, 298 Albert coal, 49–51, 52, 54–65, 74, 97, 102, 123, 149, 169, 173, 199, 229, 242, 289, 295; production and price, 238–239, 377 n. 148 Albert Coal Co., 151, 199, 229, 230 Albert mine (New Brunswick), 48–49, 56, 59, 65, 68, 95, 123, 128, 157, 169, 239, 298 Albert mineral, 6, 7, 74, 94, 100–103, 123, 124, 145, 146, 151, 153, 155, 158, 169, 173, 177, 196, 229, 280; anticlinal axes of, 51– 53, 55, 59, 240–242; controversy surrounding , 41–68, 69, 95, 298, 299; as false coal, 104; fusibility of, 49, 50, 59– 60, 62, 64, 71, 75; and petroleum, 41, 48, 71, 95, 239–243, 298; vegetable structure , 49, 51, 59–60, 97 Albert Mining Co., 66 Albertine, 241 Albertite, 97, 240, 241, 242, 243, 257, 268, 289, 294, 297, 298, 299, 311 Albion Mines (Pictou, Nova Scotia), 37 Alger, Francis, 12, 30; on Gesner’s plagiarism , 20; Mineralogy and Geology of Nova Scotia, 13, 19 Alladin Co. (coal oil), 229 Allegheny River and basin (Pa.), 155, 191, 213, 217, 228, 234, 238, 245, 262, 263 Alluvial, class of formations, 77 American Association for the Advancement of Science, 56, 157, 183, 311, 315, 322 American Gas-Light Journal, 143, 156, 158–159, 161, 177, 182, 183, 217 American Institute of Electrical Engineers , 321 American Institute of Mining Engineers, 311, 321 American Institute of New York City, 149, 181 Americanization of science, 313, 318, 395 n. 55 American Journal of Science, 20, 45, 58, 72, 110, 115, 123–126, 174, 183, 196, 199, 204, 205, 259, 265, 275, 277, 288, 291, 292 American Philosophical Society, 56, 240, 242, 264, 285 American Society of Civil Engineers, 321 American Society of Mechanical Engineers , 321, 322 Anasphaltic coal, 84 Anderson, Thomas, 176 Anderson’s Institute (Glasgow, Scotland ), 163, 164 Andrews, E. B., 224, 227, 240, 242, 258– 261, 265, 318; anticlinal theory of petroleum occurrence, 218–221, 259, 261, 267, 271; distillation theory of origin of petroleum, 218, 226, 269; fissure theory of petroleum occurrence, 218–219, 262 Antisell, Thomas, 3, 56–63, 174, 175, 177, 182, 280; The Manufacture of Photogenic or Hydro-Carbon Oils, 146, 156, 171–173; at U.S. Patent Office, 171, 179, 183; and Young’s Paraffine patent, 173 Appalachian coal fields, 87, 92, 99, 103, 106, 126, 155, 217, 227, 240, 261 Argillite formation, of Nova Scotia, 17, 18, 84 Aroostook War, 25 Ashburner, William, 276 Ashurst, Lewis, 293 Asphalte Rock, 145, 149 Asphaltic coal, 48, 74, 97 Asphaltic limestone, 172 Asphalt Mining and Kerosene Co., 145– 146 Asphaltum, 44, 54, 61, 70–75, 97, 146, 150, 241, 295–297; in California, 280–281, 283–290, 296. See also Bitumen; Tar; Trinidad pitch Association of American Geologists and Naturalists, 58, 87 Atlas of the Oil Region of Pennsylvania, 254, 381 n. 67 Atwood, Luther, 150, 151, 156, 195, 261 n. 33 Atwood, William, 150, 229 Austen, John H. and George W., 147 Austin, William R., 150 Authorship (in popular writing), 32, 33, 111 Bache, Alexander Dallas, 2, 86, 300, 301 Bacon, John, Jr., 51, 60 Bailey, Loring Woart, 31, 41, 242, 243, 378 n. 180 Baker, William E. S., 120 Bakewell, Robert, 89, 93, 350 n. 159 Bank of California, 279 Bank of New Brunswick, 22 Bankruptcy: in coal gas, 147; in coal mining , 27; in coal oil (kerosene), 161; of New Brunswick oil companies, 377 n. 155; of New York City joint-stock companies , 201, 203, 204; of Pennsylvania, 35; of professional geologists, 135 Bard, Thomas R., 291 Barnard, F. A. P., 302, 308 Barnsdall well (Oil Creek, Pa.), 211, 213 Bathvillite, 389 n. 112 Beach, Alfred Ely, 181 Beers, F. W., 254 Benedict and Boardman (New York City law firm), 166–168, 170–171 Berthelot, Marcelin, 295 Berzelius, J. J., 168 Biddle, Nicholas, 113, 117 Binney, Edward William, 93, 163, 164, 166, 169, 177, 180, 348 n. 105 Birdseye, Summers, and Johnson (New York City law firm), 170 Bischoff, Carl Gustav, 220 Bissell, George H., 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204–205, 369 n. 9, 370 n. 31 Bitumen: as class of minerals, 208, 295– 296; as constituent of bituminous substances , 41, 42, 44, 45, 70, 71...